BIOL 2460 Exam 4 (Parker, Nina, et al. Microbiology.
OpenStax) Questions With Complete Solutions
-emia Correct Answers -Bacteremia: bacteria in blood
-Viremia: viruses in the blood
-Toxemia: toxins found in the blood
-Septicemia: bacteria present and multiplying in the blood
1854 Broad Street Cholera outbreak Correct Answers -First
known public health response to an epidemic
-spread through fecal-oral route
-suspected that contaminates water was the source of the
epidemic
-Identified the source of water which came from the River
Thames downstream from London
-discovered that there were a high frequency of people who had
cholera from using a particular water pump located on Broad
Street
5 Observable signs associated with the inflammatory response:
Correct Answers erythema (redness), edema (swelling), heat,
pain, and altered function
A Correct Answers Activity
- enters the cell cytoplasm and interferes with specific internal
cellular function that it targets
Active Carrier Correct Answers An infected individual who
can transmit the disease to others.
-may be asymptomatic
,-ex. may transmit the disease during the incubation period or the
period of convalescence
Acute disease Correct Answers Pathologic changes occur over
a short period of time and involve a rapid onset of disease
conditions.
-ex. influenza (influenza virus): incubation period (1-2 days);
contagious (5 days after becoming ill); period of decline (~1
week)
Acute-Phase Proteins Correct Answers Primarily produced in
the liver and secreted into the blood in response to inflammatory
molecules from the immune system.
-ex. C-reactive protein, Serum Amyloid A, Ferritin, transferrin,
fibrinogen, and mannose-binding lectin.
Adhesin: Enterotoxigenic E. coli Correct Answers Traveler's
diarrhea, Type 1 fimbriae, Intestinal epithelial cells
Adhesin: Neisseria gonorrhoeae Correct Answers Gonorrhea,
Type IV pili, urethral epithelial cells
,Adhesins Correct Answers A protein or glycoprotein found on
the surface of a pathogen that attaches to receptors on the host
cell.
-found on bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoan pathogens
Aerosols Correct Answers Dust and fine particles that can
carry pathogens and facilitate the airborne transmission of
diseases.
-es. Hantavirus
Agranulocytes Correct Answers Lack visible granules in the
cytoplasm.
Alternative Pathway Correct Answers Initiated by the
spontaneous activation of the complement protein C3.
-hydrolysis produces C3a and C3b
-If invading microbes present, C3b will recruit other
complement proteins in a cascade
Analytical Epidemiology Correct Answers Employs carefully
selected groups of individuals in an attempt to more
convincingly evaluate hypotheses about potential causes for a
disease outbreak.
-generally made at random
-gather data by going back in time (retrospective studies) or as
events unfold forward in time.
Antigenic drift Correct Answers The result of point mutations
causing slight changes in the spike proteins hemagglutinin (H)
and neuraminidase (N)
, Antigenic shift Correct Answers A major change in spike
proteins due to gene reassortment.
Antigenic variation Correct Answers The alteration of surface
proteins so that a pathogen is no longer recognized by the host's
immune system.
-ex. Lyme disease
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) Correct Answers A special
class of nonspecific cell-derived mediators with broad-spectrum
antimicrobial properties.
-can inhibit only certain groups of microbes or it may be more
broadly effective against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses
-many found on skin
Asymptomatic Correct Answers aka subclinical. Do not resent
any noticeable signs or symptoms.
-ex. herpes simplex virus remain asymptomatic and unaware
that they have been infected
Asymptomatic Carriers Correct Answers Those who present
with no signs and symptoms.
-es. hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, and HIV
Autocrine Function Correct Answers The same cell that
releases the cytokine is the recipient of the signal.
B Correct Answers Binding
-Responsible for the cellular specificity of the toxin and
mediates the initial attachment of the toxin to specific cell
surface receptors
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