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Bone Density ARRT Examination Review questions (updated & already graded A+).
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Bone Density ARRT Examination Review questions (updated & already graded A+).
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Bone Density ARRTExamination Review questions
2025-2026(updated & already
graded A+)
Osteroporosis - answer A skeletal disorder characterized
by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to
an increased risk of fracture. Defined by World Health
Organization (WHO) based on bone mineral density (BMD)
assessment BMD lies 2.5 standard deviations or more
below average value for young healthy women, T-score <-
2.5 SD
Occurs when rate of bone resorption exceeds rate of bone
formation=decrease in bone mass.
World Health Organization (WHO) - answer - In 1994, the
WHO selected a BMD cut-point for defining the prevalence
of osteoporosis in the Caucasian post-menopausal female
population.
- T score <-2.5 SD is considered Osteoporosis
Four categories of WHO: - answer
"WHO 8" - answer Clinical risk factors for fx age, low bone
mass index, prior fx, parental hip fx, current smoker,
glucocorticoid use (3 mo), rheumatoid arthritis, excessive
alcohol consumption
,Primary Osteoporosis - answer Metabolic bone disease
characterized by low bone mass & deterioration of bone
tissue=bone fragility and increased fx risk no direct or
singular cause
Type 1= post menopausal osteoporosis (estrogen loss)
Type 2=age related osteoporosis
Two Types of Primary Osteoporosis: - answer Two types:
Idiopathic
- Type I: Bone loss occurs in trabecular part of
bone; menopause
- Type II: Cortical bone; aging process
Primary Osteoporosis Risk Factors: - answer 1. Age:
increases with age
2. Genetics: runs in the family
3. Sex: females have accelerated bone loss after
menopause
4. Hormones: estrogen deficiency results in accelerated
bone loss
5. Nutritional: inadequate vitamin D, calcium
6. Physical activity: inactivity promotes osteoporosis
7. Environmental factors: smoking, alcohol promote
osteoporosis
Secondary Osteoporosis - answer Secondary to or caused
by something else = direct cause result from variety of
chronic conditions that significantly contribute to bone
mineral loss, or result from effects of medications &
,nutritional deficiencies. Such as hyperparathyroidism,
long-term drug therapy, long-term immobility.
Support - answer Function for framework for attachment
of muscles & tissues
Protection - answer Function to protect internal organs
from injury
Movement - answer Function for bones act as levers &
attachment for muscles
Mineral Storage - answer Function as reservoir for Ca and
phosphorus, essential for cellular activities
blood cell production - answer Function where
hematopoiesis occurs in red marrow found w/in bone
cavities
Energy Storage - answer Function where lipids (fats)
stored in adipose cells of yellow marrow serve as an
energy reservoir
Trabecular bone - answer - *20%* of skeletal body mass
- Spongy/honeycomb, *CANCELLOUS*
- Supports compressive loads
- *AXIAL* skeleton
- Most responsive to therapy
, - Higher metabolic rate
- End of long bones
Cortical bone - answer - *80%* of skeletal body mass
- *COMPACT*, strong, dense
- Resists twisting and bending motion
- *APPENDICULAR* skeleton
- Shaft of long bones
Three functions of the skeleton: - answer - Protect vital
organs
- Scaffolding for the musculoskeletal system
- Manufactures red blood cells
Axial skeleton includes: - answer Primarily trabecular
bone. Skull, vertebral column, sternum and ribs.
Appendicular skeleton includes: - answer Primarily cortical
bone. Scapula, extremities and pelvic girdle.
Bone - answer Structural anatomy is for weight bearing &
non-weight bearing.
Weight-bearing includes: - answer Lower extremities,
spine, calcaneus, and portions of the pelvic girdle.
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