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NURS618/ NURS 618 EXAM 1 (NEW 2024/ 2025 UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY GUIDE | QS & AS | 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED ANSWERS) LOUISIANA $11.99
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NURS618/ NURS 618 EXAM 1 (NEW 2024/ 2025 UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY GUIDE | QS & AS | 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED ANSWERS) LOUISIANA

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NURS618/ NURS 618 EXAM 1 (NEW 2024/ 2025 UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY GUIDE | QS & AS | 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED ANSWERS) LOUISIANA NURS618/ NURS 618 EXAM 1 (NEW 2024/ 2025 UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY GUIDE | QS & AS | 100% CORRECT (VERIFIED ANSWERS) LOUISIANA NURS618/ NURS 618 EXAM 1 (NEW 2024/ 2025 UPDATE) ...

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  • December 7, 2024
  • 19
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
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NURS618/ NURS 618 E XAM 1 (NEW 2024/ 2025
UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY GUIDE | QS & AS | 100%
CORRECT (VERIFIED ANSWERS) LOUISIANA

What is up-regulation? - ANS ✓Increase in the number of receptors on a target

cell due to low levels of ligand.



Cell is hypersensitized to the receptor agonist.



What is down-regulation? - ANS ✓Decrease in the number of receptors on a

target cell.



Cell is desensitized to the receptor agonist.



As the number of receptors decrease, larger doses of drug are needed to

achieve the same effect.



What is an ionophore? - ANS ✓ligand-gated ion channels formed by 5 protein

subunits that span the entire cellular membrane when active. Allow passage of

specific ions. May be open or closed initially. Some are specific to NT such as ACh,

Gly, GABA, Serotonin, and glutamic acid.




NURS618/ NUR

, 2
NURS
What is a metabophore? - ANS ✓Transmembrane receptors composed of an

external binding site and internal enzymatic component. Directly links enzymatic

function to the ligand interaction.



Ex: GTP --> cGMP



What is a GPCR? - ANS ✓The most common transmembrane receptor which

intiates a series of changes that may eventually lead to control of a specific

enzyme.



7 transmembrane loops.



Ex: phospholipase C, adenylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase



What is an intracellular receptor? - ANS ✓a receptor in the cell or nuclear

membrane that is controlled by the concentration of their products or reactants

acting on the enzymes responsible for the reaction.



Ex: steroid receptors --> dimer --> gene transcription/protein synthesis



Describe transporter molecules. - ANS ✓Passive or active molecules which

move from one size of a membrane to another.




NURS618/ NUR

, 3
NURS
Ex: SSRI like fluoxetine



What is the proposed mechanisms of general anaesthesia? - ANS ✓increase

inhibitory signals or decreasing excitatory signals in the brain/spinal cord via

GABAa ionophoric complexes allowing chloride ions into the cell producing a

negative charge and hyper-polarizing the cell thus making it more resistant to

depolarization.



What is pharmacokinetics - ANS ✓the effect of the body on the drug



What are some considerations of oral drugs? - ANS ✓for drugs that need to be

administered frequently or over extended periods of time. Absorbed in the small

intestine.



What are some considerations of topical drugs? - ANS ✓Treat local disorders.

Also applied to mucosa. Absorption is limited. Some transdermal drugs penetrate

into systemic circulation.



What are some considerations of inhalational drugs? - ANS ✓aerosols are

particles that are too large to penetrate to the alveoli and are used for localized

therapy of the airway and bronchial tissue.




NURS618/ NUR

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