PHSC 210 - Exam 1 - Chp. 1-3 Questions And Answers With Verified Tests 100% Correct Answers
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Course
PHSC 210
Institution
PHSC 210
Hydrogen bonds - ️️weak positive/negative attractions between charged regions of
overall neutral molecules
What kind of molecule is water? - ️️it is polar - it has a single positive and a single
negative side
How do minerals form? (crystals = minerals) - ️️by crystal formation - cry...
PHSC 210 - Exam 1 - Chp. 1-3
Hydrogen bonds - ✔️✔️weak positive/negative attractions between charged regions of
overall neutral molecules
What kind of molecule is water? - ✔️✔️it is polar - it has a single positive and a single
negative side
How do minerals form? (crystals = minerals) - ✔️✔️by crystal formation - crystals form
by accumulation of ions (when a 'seed' crystal forms first). The crystal grows by adding
anions/cations to match the seed
What are the 5 mineral properties used to distinguish or identify a mineral? -
✔️✔️Ostriches Sometimes Make Mad Outfits.
1. optical
2. shape
3. mass-related
4. mechanical
5. other
What is the lower (smaller) number of an element in the periodic table? - ✔️✔️The
atomic number (proton number only)
Isotopes - ✔️✔️atoms with varying numbers of neutrons (this changes the atomic
mass)
How do atoms form compounds? - ✔️✔️by combining with other atoms
What do chemical bonds involve? - ✔️✔️electrons sharing/donating with each other.
Valence electrons control bonding
Octet rule - ✔️✔️atoms will fill or empty their outermost valence shell
What are the 3 types of bonds? - ✔️✔️ionic, covalent and metallic
What is an ionic bond? - ✔️✔️when atoms TRANSFER (donate/receive) electrons
between the atoms
What are cations? - ✔️✔️positive atoms
What are anions? - ✔️✔️negative atoms
, What is a covalent bond? - ✔️✔️when two or more electrons are SHARED between
atoms
What i Out of the 4,900 minerals known, only... - ✔️✔️100 are common
What are the 5 mineral attributes? - ✔️✔️Naked Indians Sometimes Catch Dragonflies
1. naturally occurring
2. inorganic (eg. coal/pearls are organic)
3. solids
4. crystalline
5. definite chemical formula
Atom - ✔️✔️the smallest particle of matter that cannot be split into simpler substances
by chemical processes (made of protons, neutrons {both in nucleus} and electrons {orbit
nucleus})
Element - ✔️✔️a material with characteristic physical and chemical properties that
cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical processes
What is the top (bigger) number of an element in the periodic table? - ✔️✔️The atomic
mass (made of protons and neutrons)
s a metallic bond? - ✔️✔️it allows for the movement and flow of electrons between
valence shells
How do you determine the optical properties of a mineral? - ✔️✔️color
luster (the way a mineral reflects light - metallic vs. non-metallic)
streak (eg. Fool's Gold has a black streak while Gold has a yellow streak)
double refraction (eg. Calcite - opaque)
How do you determine the shape properties of a mineral? - ✔️✔️crystal form/habit of
mineral - the shape a mineral takes as it grows (eg. copper grows in a tree-shape)
How do you determine the mass-related properties of a mineral? - ✔️✔️specific gravity
(basically density just a little different - no units!)
= Density of Mineral / Density of Water @ 4'C
(eg. quartz = 2.65)
How do you determine the mechanical properties of a mineral? - ✔️✔️using Moh's
hardness scale you measure tenacity
Feldspal is a group that... - ✔️✔️makes up 60% of all rocks
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