Summary
Summary - Clinical Psychology: Anxiety and Stress (FSWP2-062-A)
- Course
- Institution
This is a summary for course 2.6C in second year of Pyschology for clinical.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
lucykoch77
Content preview
Problem 1 StressStress
Transaction leads a person to perceive discrepancy between
demands of situation and resources
3 Approaches
o Stimulus
Stressors: physical/psychological challenging
events/situations
o Response
Focus is on people’s reactions
Strain: psychological/physiological response to stressor
o Process
Relationship between person and environment
Transactions: continuous interaction and adjustment
with person and environment
Chronic stress: last a long time or occur often, more stress if stressor
frequent, intense, and high in duration
Effect of Stress
o Stress -> cognition
Impaired memory
Stress -> worries/distractions -> low performance
Executive function: manages stress but also impaired
o Stress -> emotion
Emotional states can identify stress
Stress -> fear/phobia
Transactional Model of Stress (Cognitive)
Cognitive appraisal
o Mental process evaluation demand and resources
Primary appraisal
o Assessment of meaning of situation for wellbeing
o 3 judgements: irrelevant, good, stressful
Stressful: harm-loss, threat, challenge
o Appraisal influence stress when vicarious too
Secondary appraisal
o Assessment of resources available
o Stress conditions depend on outcome of appraisal
Factors to stressful appraisal
o High self-esteem, less stress
o More important goal, more stress
o Perfectionism, more stress
o Strong, immediate demand, more stress
General Adaptation Syndrome (Seyle)
Process body goes through during stress
Alarm Reaction (stage 1)
, o Function to mobilize body’s resource
o Fast-acting arousal, sympathetic NS -> activates adrenal gland
-> releases epinephrine and norepinephrine
o HPA axis -> hypothalamus -> pituitary gland -> secrete ACTH
-> adrenal gland to release cortisol
Stage of Resistance (stage 2)
o HPA activation predominates
o Ability to resist new stressor impaired
o Disease of adaption
Stage of Exhaustion (stage 3)
o Prolonged arousal -> long term stress -> weakens immune
system
Allostatic Load
o Effects of body having to adapt repeatedly to stressors that
accumulate over time
Sources of Stress
Gender/social cultural differences
o Women
More stress -> more experienced + more willing to
admit
Tend and befriend
o Men
More reactivity, more time to return to baseline
o Minority group
Lower income (education)
Sources within people
o Illness -> age-dependent
o Conflict -> depends on stakes
o Motives -> rejection isolation
Familial sources
o Addition to family, marital strain/divorce, illness, death
Community sources
o Job
Workload, evaluation, responsibility
Physical environment
Perceived control
o Environment
Healthcare, social relationships
Measuring Stress
Types of Stress
o Eustress: good stress -> heightens performance
o Distress: bad stress
Polygraph
o Blood pressure, heart rate, respiration
Biochemical analyses of blood, urine, saliva
Life events
o SRRS (social readjustment rating scale)
, Wide range, easy, vague
Daily hassles
o Hassle scales: annoyance
o Uplift scales: nicer things
Interaction (emotion and cognition)
Fear conditioning (pavlovian conditioning)
o CS: conditioned stimulus
o US: unconditioned stimulus
o UR: unconditioned response
o Conditioned repones
Acquisition: UR -> CR
Extinction: unpairing CR with CS
Pathways
Low road
o Faster
o Thalamus -> amygdala
o No conscious control
High road
o Slower
o Thalamus -> sensory cortex -> amygdala
o Carefully analyzed
Role of Amygdala/Hippocampus
Amygdala
o Response to stimuli that are implicitly aversive (fearful)
Learning through behavioral response
Emotionally aversive
Hippocampus
o Explicit memory of stimulus being aversive (recall)
o Knowledge obtained about negativity but no emotion
Biopsychological Aspects
Physiological reaction
o Increased heart rate, sympathetic NS & endocrine system
Reactivity
o Physiological aspect of the response to a stressor/strain
o Measured through comparison against baseline level of
arousal
o Influenced by genetic and chronic stress
Fight-or-Flight response
o Reaction preparing organism to attack or flee the danger
Causes sympathetic NS to stimulate organs directly,
adrenal gland -> epinephrine
Harmful if prolonged
Stress Response
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lucykoch77. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.04. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53249 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now