,Table of Content
h h
Chapterh01:hCellularhBiology ....................................................................................................................................... 4
Chapterh02:hGeneshandhGenetichDiseases ................................................................................................................... 13
Chapterh03:hEpigeneticshandhDisease ......................................................................................................................... 23
UhSNhT O .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Chapterh04:hAlteredhCellularhandhTissuehBiology ...................................................................................................... 27
Huetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiology,h6thhEdition ......................................................................... 39
Chapterh06:hInnatehImmunity:hInflammationhandhWoundhHealinghHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiol
ogy,h6thhEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 48
Chapterh07:hAdaptivehImmunity ................................................................................................................................ 60
Chapterh08:hInfectionhandhDefectshinhMechanismshofhDefensehHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiology
,h6thhEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 66
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................... 74
Chapterh09:hStresshandhDisease .................................................................................................................................. 76
Chapterh10:hBiology,hClinicalhManifestations,handhTreatmenthofhCancerhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathop
hysiology,h6thhEdition ................................................................................................................................................ 81
Chapterh11:hCancerhEpidemiology ............................................................................................................................. 87
Chapterh12:hCancerhinhChildren ................................................................................................................................. 91
Chapterh13:hStructurehandhFunctionhofhtheNeurologichSystemhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiology
,h6thhEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 94
Chapterh14:hPain,hTemperature,hSleep,handhSensoryhFunctionhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiology,
h6thhEdition .............................................................................................................................................................. 105
Chapterh15:hAlterationshinhCognitivehSystems,hCerebralhHemodynamics,handhMotorhFunction .............................. 116
Chapterh16:hDisordershofhtheCentralhandhPeripheralhNervoushSystemshandhtheNeuromuscularhJunction ................. 126
Chapterh17:hAlterationshofhNeurologichFunctionhinhChildrenhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiology,h
6thhEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 138
Chapterh18:hMechanismshofhHormonalhRegulation .................................................................................................. 147
Chapterh19:hAlterationshofhHormonalhRegulation .................................................................................................... 156
Chapterh20:hStructurehandhFunctionhofhthehHematologichSystemhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiolo
gy,h6thhEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 169
Chapterh21:hAlterationshofhHematologichFunction ................................................................................................... 176
INGTB.COM ............................................................................................................................................................... 177
Chapterh22:hAlterationshofhHematologichFunctionhinhChildrenhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiology
,h6thhEdition ............................................................................................................................................................. 192
Chapterh23:hStructurehandhFunctionhofhthehCardiovascularhandhLymphatichSystemshHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstand
inghPathophysiology,h6thhEdition ............................................................................................................................. 200
Chapterh24:hAlterationshofhCardiovascularhFunction................................................................................................ 210
UhSNhT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 210
SINGTB.COM............................................................................................................................................................. 223
UhSNhT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 226
UhSNhT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 228
Chapterh25:hAlterationshofhCardiovascularhFunctionhinhChildrenhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiolo
gy,h6thhEdition.......................................................................................................................................................... 229
ShNhThhh O....................................................................................................................................................................... 232
Chapterh26:hStructurehandhFunctionhofhthehPulmonaryhSystemhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiology
,h6thhEdition ............................................................................................................................................................. 236
Chapterh27:hAlterationshofhPulmonaryhFunction ...................................................................................................... 245
, Chapterh28:hAlterationshofhPulmonaryhFunctionhinhChildrenhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiology,h
6thhEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 257
Chapterh29:hStructurehandhFunctionhofhthehRenalhandhUrologichSystemshHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathop
hysiology,h6thhEdition .............................................................................................................................................. 265
Chapterh30:hAlterationshofhRenalhandhUrinaryhTracthFunctionhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiology,
h6thhEdition .............................................................................................................................................................. 273
Chapterh31:hAlterationshofhRenalhandhUrinaryhTracthFunctionhinhChildrenhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPatho
physiology,h6thhEdition ............................................................................................................................................ 280
Chapterh32:hStructurehandhFunctionhofhthehReproductivehSystemshHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiol
ogy,h6thhEdition........................................................................................................................................................ 286
Chapterh33:hAlterationshofhthehFemalehReproductivehSystemhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiology,h
6thhEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 295
Chapterh34:hAlterationshofhthehMalehReproductivehSystem ...................................................................................... 300
Chapterh35:hStructurehandhFunctionhofhthehDigestivehSystemhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiology,h
6thhEdition ............................................................................................................................................................... 305
Chapterh36:hAlterationshofhDigestivehFunction......................................................................................................... 312
Chapterh37:hAlterationshofhDigestivehFunctionhinhChildren ...................................................................................... 325
Chapterh38:hStructurehandhFunctionhofhthehMusculoskeletalhSystemhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysi
ology,h6thhEdition .................................................................................................................................................... 334
UhSNhT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 337
Chapterh39:hAlterationshofhMusculoskeletalhFunction.............................................................................................. 342
Chapterh40:hAlterationshofhMusculoskeletalhFunctionhinhChildrenhHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysiol
ogy,h6thhEdition........................................................................................................................................................ 352
UhSNhT O .................................................................................................................................................................. 354
Chapterh41:hStructure,hFunction,handhDisordershofhthehIntegumenthHuetherh&hMcCance:hUnderstandinghPathophysio
logy,h6thhEdition ...................................................................................................................................................... 357
Chapterh42:hAlterationshofhthehIntegumenthinhChildren ............................................................................................ 366
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
h h h
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
h h h h h h
MULTIPLEhCHOICE
1. Ahstudenthishobservinghahcellhunderhthehmicroscope.hIthishobservedhtohhavehsupercoiledhDNAh
withhhistones.hWhichhofhthehfollowinghwouldhalsohbehobservedhbyhthehstudent?
a. Ahsinglehcircularhchromosome
b. Ahnucleus
c. Free-floatinghnuclearhmaterial
d. Nohorganelles
ANS:h B
Thehcellhdescribedhishaheukaryotichcell,hsohithhashhistoneshandhahsupercoiledhDNAhwithinhitshn
ucleus;hthus,hthehnucleushshouldhbehobserved.hAhsinglehcircularhchromosomehcalledhahprokar
yotehcontainshfree-floatinghnuclearhmaterialhbuthhashnohorganelles.
REF:hp.h2
2. Ahnursehishinstructinghthehstaffhabouthcellularhfunctions.hWhichhcellularhfunctionhishthehnursehd
escribinghwhenhanhisolatedhcellhabsorbshoxygenhandhuseshithtohtransformhnutrientshtohenergy?
a. Metabolichabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:hD
Thehcell’shabilityhtohabsorbhoxygenhishreferredhtohashrespirationhwhilehitshcommunicationhabilityhi
nvolveshmaintenancehofhahsteadyhdynamichstate,hmetabolichabsorptionhprovideshnutrition,handhse
cretionhallowshforhthehsynthesizinghofhnewhsubstances.
REF:hp.h2
3. AheukaryotichcellhishundergoinghDNAhreplication.hInhwhichhregionhofhthehcellhwouldhmosthofht
hehgenetichinformationhbehcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleushCytoplasm
ANS:hC
Thehregionhofhthehcellhthathcontainshgenetichmaterial,hincludinghahlargehamounthofhribonucleicha
cid,hmosthofhthehDNA,handhDNA-
bindinghproteins,hishthehnucleolus,hwhichhishlocatedhwithinhthehcell’shnucleus.hMitochondriahish
associatedhwithhcellularhrespiration,hwhilehribosomesharehinvolvedhwithhproteinhmanufacturin
g.hCytoplasmhishahfluidhfillinghthathishahcomponenthofhthehcell.
REF:hp.h2