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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The Biologic Basis For Disease InAdults
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And Children
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8THEDITION BY KATHRYN L.
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MCCANCE
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,McCance: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition) TEST
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BANK
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CONTENTS:
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
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Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
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Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases
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Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
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Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease
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Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
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Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity
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Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
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Chapter 10: Infection
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Chapter 11: Stress and Disease
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Chapter 12: Cancer Biology
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Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology
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Chapter 14: Cancer in Children
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Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
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Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function
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Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
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Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
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Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
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Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
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Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
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Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
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Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition
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Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
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Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
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Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System
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Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections
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Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
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Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function
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Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function
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Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
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Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
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Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
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Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
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Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
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Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function
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Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
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Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
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Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
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Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
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Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System
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Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function
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Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
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Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
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Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
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Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
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Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
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Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children
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Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults
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Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children
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Part 1: CENTRAL CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CELLS AND TISSUES
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Unit I: THE CELL
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CHAPTER 01: CELLULAR BIOLOGY e e e
MULTIPLE CHOICE e
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. e e e
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. e e e e
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. e e e e e e
d. Cells can synthesize fats. e e e
ANS: C e
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
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surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
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absorption.
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2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C e
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
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the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
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eactivity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
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Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
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as the intracellular digestive system.
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3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
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hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B e
, McCance: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition) TEST BANK
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Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
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hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a
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powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
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Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
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and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
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complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
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more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
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nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the
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cellular membrane.
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4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
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a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex e
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum e e
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D e
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
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within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
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Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
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lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
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digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
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Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the
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cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
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removing toxic substances from the cell.
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5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
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a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction e e e e e e
b. Secretion of cortisol e e
c. Increased retention of water e e e
d. Breakdown of fat e e
ANS: C e
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
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increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
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Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
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6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
