Class notes
Biology Notes for chapter 11-17
- Course
- Biology 1134
- Institution
- Mississippi State University
Notes on Bio chapter 11, 12, 15, 16, 17
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, Biology Ch 1 .Nucleic Acid Structure, DNA Replication Chromosome Structure ,
Purine Rosalind description of DNA in 1950's + 1960's
Franklin-discovery +
Pyrimidine James Watson, Francis Crick,Maurice Wilkins got Nobel Peace prize
nucleotide 1962 for description of DNA
replication bubble 4 nucleotides : Adenine + Guanine , Thymine + Cytosine
Semiconservative DNA replication is semiconservative
Primer an enzyme driven process that copies the DNA before Mitosis Meiosis
and
telomere DNA helicase unwinds an area of DNA to make a replication bubble
DNA topoisomerase Straightens the DNA strands
DNA Primase builds an RNA Primer in the 5'-3' direction .
Primer acts as attachment Point for DNA polymerase
an
DNA ligase fuses fragments of new DNA togethera final
DNA Rep is highly accurate because of chemical bond
.
Stability and Polymerase editing
Telomeres caps the end of eukaryotic chromosomesShorten
on
, :
over time . Telomerase telomeres to
creates correct the 3
end of DNA Strands .
overhang of the
DNA is read in the 3'ts' direction and is built
5'3' direction
purines are double
ring structures & G triple bonded C
Pyrimidines are
single structures
ring A double bonded T
Has a double helix shape due to hydrogen bonding and
the strands are anti-parallel to one another
·
Each double Strand piece of DNA is composed of one
template strand and one
daughter Strand
1 .
) DNA helicase unwinds = replication bubble 7 .
Single-stranded binding proteins prevent reformation of the double helix. 3 .
DNA
to poismerase
straightens the DNA Strand 4 DNA Primase builds RNA Primer in the 5'-3' direction 5 DNA Polymerase assembles
.
. .
nucleotides in 5'- 3' based on the template of parent strand 6 Another set of enzymes remove the RNA Primer and replace the RNA
.
.
nucleotides with DNA nucleotides 7 DNA ligase fuses fragments
.
of new DNA together into the final DNA Molecule
/helicase breaks hydrogen bonds)
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