HESI - Fundamentals practice questions
"It indicates the time wanted for the SA node impulse to depolarize the atria and journey thru the
AV node."
Explanation:
The PR interval is measured from the start of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex and
represents the time needed for sinus node stimulation, atrial depolarization, and conduction thru
the AV node before ventricular depolarization. In a regular coronary heart the impulses do now
not journey backward. The PR c language does no longer include the time it take to tour via the
Purkinje fibers - ANS-P-R c programming language
zero.24 seconds
Explanation:
In adults, the normal variety for the PR is zero.12 to 0.20 seconds. A PR internal of 0.24
seconds would imply a primary-diploma heart block. - ANS-Which PR interval provides a
first-diploma coronary heart block?
Three checks of secure medication management - ANS-1) Before you pour, mix, or draw up a
remedy
2) After you put together the medication
3) At the bedside
five ranges of contamination - ANS-Incubation, prodromal, infection, decline, convalescence
64.A low-sodium, low-protein weight-reduction plan is prescribed for a forty five-12 months-old
consumer with renal insufficiency and hypertension, who won 3 pounds within the remaining
month. The nurse determines that the client has been noncompliant with the weight-reduction
plan, based on which record from the 24-hour dietary do not forget? (Select all that practice.)
A. Snack of potato chips, and food plan soda.
B. Lunch of tuna fish sandwich, carrot sticks, fresh fruit, and coffee.
C. Breakfast of eggs, bacon, toast, and coffee.
D. Dinner of vegetable lasagna, tossed salad, sherbet, and iced tea.
E. Bedtime snack of crackers and milk. - ANS-Potato chips (A) are excessive in sodium. Tuna
(B) is high in protein. 1st baron beaverbrook (C) and crackers (E) are excessive in sodium. Only
(D) is a meal this is in compliance with a low sodium, low protein weight-reduction plan.
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
65.What intervention ought to the nurse encompass within the plan of take care of a consumer
who is being handled with an Unna's paste boot for leg ulcers because of chronic venous
insufficiency?
A. Check capillary fill up of toes on decrease extremity with Unna's paste boot.
B. Apply dressing to wound location earlier than applying the Unna's paste boot.
C. Wrap the leg from the knee down in the direction of the foot.
D. Remove the Unna's paste boot q8h to assess wound restoration. - ANS-The Unna's paste
boot turns into inflexible after it dries, so it's far crucial to test distally for good enough stream
(A). Kerlix is regularly wrapped across the outdoor of the boot and an ace bandage may be
,used to cowl each, however no bandage have to be put underneath it (B). The Unna's paste
boot must be carried out from the foot and wrapped closer to the knee (C). The Unna's paste
boot acts as a sterile dressing, and have to now not be removed q8h. Weekly elimination is
reasonable (D).
Correct Answer: A
sixty six.A 75-12 months-vintage client who has a history of quit stage renal failure and superior
lung most cancers, currently had a stroke. Two days ago the healthcare issuer discontinued the
customer's dialysis treatments, mentioning that loss of life is inevitable, but the customer is
disoriented and will now not sign a DNR directive. What is the concern nursing intervention?
A. Review the consumer's maximum recent laboratory reviews.
B. Refer the patron and own family participants for hospice care.
C. Notify the hospital ethics committee of the customer scenario.
D. Determine who is legally empowered to make decisions. - ANS-When loss of life is
impending, it's miles crucial for the nurse to determine who is legally empowered to make
selections concerning the usage of lifestyles-saving measures for the customer (D). (A) might be
bizarre and could worsen without dialysis, so aren't of immediately subject. (B) might also help
enhance the customer's fine of lifestyles previous to demise, however is of less immediacy than
figuring out whether actions must be taken to store a consumer's life. If the nurse stays unable
to decide who's empowered to make selections in this example, the nurse may select to touch
the ethics committee (C) for a decision.
Correct Answer: D
67.The rate nurse assigns a nursing technique to a new staff nurse who has no longer
previously completed the method. What motion is most important for the brand new team of
workers nurse to take?
A. Review the stairs inside the method guide.
B. Ask any other nurse to help whilst implementing the procedure.
C. Follow the organisation's coverage and manner.
D. Refuse to carry out the venture this is beyond the nurse's experience. - ANS-According to
states' nurse practice acts, it's miles the obligation of the nurse to characteristic within the scope
of competency (D), and in this situation safe nursing exercise constitutes refusal to perform the
procedure due to a lack of experience. Although state mandates, company guidelines, and
persevered training and revel in identify responsibilities which are inside the scope of nursing
practice, nurses have to first refuse to carry out tasks which might be past their talent, and then
pursue possibilities to enhance their competency (A, B, and C).
Correct Answer: D
sixty eight.Before administering a client's medicinal drug, the nurse assesses a exchange within
the client's circumstance and makes a decision to withhold the medication till consulting with the
healthcare provider. After session with the healthcare issuer, the dose of the medication is
modified and the nurse administers the newly prescribed dose an hour later than the firstly
scheduled time. What motion need to the nurse put in force in response to this situation?
A. Notify the charge nurse that a medicinal drug errors befell.
B. Submit a medicine variance record to the manager.
C. Document the activities that passed off inside the nurses' notes.
,D. Discard the unique medicine administration report. - ANS-The nurse took the appropriate
action and must report the occasions that passed off inside the nurses' notes (C). (A) did now
not arise and (B) isn't indicated. The medicine administration report is part of the purchaser's
scientific document and need to be positioned in the chart, (D) when now not modern-day.
Correct Answer: C
sixty nine.On the third postoperative day following thoracic surgical operation, a consumer
reports feeling constipated. Which intervention have to the nurse put in force to sell bowel
elimination?
A. Remind the purchaser to show each hours at the same time as lying in mattress.
B. Provide warm prune juice earlier than the consumer is going to bed at night.
C. Teach the consumer to splint the incision even as on foot to the toilet.
D. Administer an analgesic earlier than the patron tries to defecate. - ANS-Prune juice is a
herbal laxative that stimulates peristalsis, and warming the prune juice (B) enables peristalsis.
(A) is also useful in selling peristalsis however is less in all likelihood to relieve the client's
constipation. (C) reduces discomfort at some stage in ambulation, but will not help relieve the
purchaser's constipation. Defecation isn't always painful following maximum surgeries, and
many analgesics used postoperatively reason constipation, so (D) is contraindicated.
Correct Answer: B
70.The home fitness nurse visits an aged consumer who lives at home together with her
husband. The purchaser is experiencing common episodes of diarrhea and bowel incontinence.
Which trouble, for which the client is at danger, has the greatest priority while planning the
purchaser's care?
A. Disturbed sleep pattern.
B. Caregiver position pressure.
C. Impaired skin integrity.
D. Fluid volume imbalance. - ANS-Diarrhea can lead to fluid quantity loss, which is potentially
lifestyles-threatening, so the best precedence is to prevent a fluid volume imbalance (D).
Diarrhea and bowel incontinence also can result in (A, B, and C), however those are of less
capacity damage than a fluid quantity deficit.
Correct Answer: D
seventy one.After a consumer has been premedicated for surgery with an opioid analgesic, the
nurse discovers that the operative allow has no longer been signed. What movement have to
the nurse put in force?
A. Notify the health practitioner that the consent form has no longer been signed.
B. Read the consent form to the patron earlier than witnessing the purchaser's signature.
C. Determine if the purchaser's spouse is willing to signal the consent form.
D. Administer an opioid antagonist previous to acquiring the customer's signature. - ANS-Once
a client has been premedicated for surgery with any sort of sedative, felony informed consent
isn't viable, so the nurse have to notify the health care professional (A). (B, C, and D) are not
legally viable options for ensuring knowledgeable consent.
Correct Answer: A
seventy two.A consumer who has been on bedrest for several days now has a prescription to
development activity as tolerated. When the nurse assists the customer away from bed for the
first time, the customer turns into dizzy. What motion have to the nurse enforce?
, A. Encourage the customer to take several slow, deep breaths while ambulating.
B. Help the patron to stay standing by using the bedside till the dizziness is relieved.
C. Instruct the patron to stay on bedrest until the healthcare provider is contacted.
D. Advise the consumer to sit down on the side of the mattress for a couple of minutes before
status once more. - ANS-The nurse have to implement (D), due to the fact orthostatic
hypotension is a common end result of immobilization, inflicting the client to sense dizzy when
first getting away from bed following a length of bedrest. To save you this hassle, it's far
beneficial to have the body acclimate to a status position by means of sitting upright for a short
length (D) before growing to a standing position. (A) is unlikely to alleviate the dizziness. (B) can
also result in a loss of recognition. (C) isn't indicated and will growth the ability for complications
associated with extended immobility.
Correct Answer: D
74.A consumer is admitted to the medical institution with intractable ache. What preparation
must the nurse offer the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who's making ready to help this
customer with a bed bath?
A. Take measures to sell as a good deal comfort as possible.
B. Report any signs of drug dependancy to the nurse immediately.
C. Wait until the patron's pain is long gone before assisting with private care.
D. This client's pain may be tough to manipulate, because the motive is unknown. -
ANS-Intractable ache is highly resistant to ache relief measures, so it is critical to sell comfort
(A) for the duration of all sports. A consumer with intractable pain may develop drug tolerance
and dependence, but (B) is irrelevant for a UAP. Since intractable pain is resistant to relief
measures, (C) might not be viable. Psychogenic pain (D) is a painful sensation this is perceived
however has no acknowledged reason.
Correct Answer: A
seventy five.A male purchaser arrives on the outpatient surgery center for a scheduled needle
aspiration of the knee. He tells the nurse that he has already given verbal consent for the
method to the healthcare company. What motion have to the nurse implement?
A. Witness the consumer's signature on the consent shape.
B. Verify the consumer's consent with the healthcare company.
C. Notify the healthcare issuer that the consumer is ready for the procedure.
D. Document that the client has given consent for the needle aspiration. - ANS-Written informed
consent is needed previous to any invasive technique. The healthcare issuer need to provide an
explanation for the process to the patron, however the nurse can witness the patron's signature
on a consent form (A). (B) is not essential given that written consent need to be received. (C)
isn't always accurate due to the fact written consent has no longer been received. (D) should
occur after written consent is received.
Correct Answer: A
76.In assessing a client's femoral pulse, the nurse have to use deep palpation to feel the
pulsation even as the consumer is in a supine role. What movement ought to the nurse put into
effect?
A. Elevate the top of the bed and try to palpate the web page once more.
B. Document the presence and quantity of the heart beat palpated.
C. Use a thigh cuff to measure the blood pressure inside the leg.
