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Bio 161 Psu Exam 2 Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Already Passed!!!
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Bio 161 Psu Exam 2 Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Already Passed!!!
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Bio 161 Psu Exam 2 Questions AndAnswers With Verified Solutions Already
Passed!!!
Endocrine System
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones directly
into the bloodstream.
Nervous Tissue
Nervous tissue is fast and direct in transmitting signals to its target cells.
Functions of Neurons
Neurons are:
o Excitable
o Conductive
o Secrete neurotransmitters
o Respond to stimuli
Dendrites
Dendrites are responsible for receiving signals from other neurons.
Cell Body
The cell body contains the nucleus of the neuron.
Axons
Axons can be myelinated or unmyelinated. Myelination helps speed up
signal transmission.
Synapse
The synapse is the junction between two neurons where signals are
transmitted.
Unipolar Neurons
In unipolar neurons, the axon branches off the cell body in two places.
Type of Neurons: Sensory Neurons
Sensory neurons are typically unipolar.
Multipolar Neurons
Multipolar neurons have all dendrites directly entering the soma (cell
body).
Bipolar Neuron
A bipolar neuron has 1 dendrite entering the soma, and 1 axon exits the
soma.
Neuroglia
Neuroglia are the supporting cells in the nervous system.
Supporting Cells in CNS
, In the central nervous system (CNS), the supporting cells are called
oligodendrocytes.
Supporting Cells in PNS
In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the supporting cells are called
Schwann cells.
Parts of an Axon
The three layers that surround an axon are:
o Endoneurium: Made of Schwann cells and the axon.
o Perineurium: Binds axons into fascicles.
o Epineurium: The outer layer, made of dense irregular connective
tissue.
Circuits
Neural circuits allow the body to respond to a stimulus and return to
homeostasis via the spinal cord.
Meninges
The meninges are three layers that surround the brain and spinal cord:
o Dura mater
o Arachnoid mater
o Pia mater
White Matter
White matter is made up of myelinated axons.
Gray Matter
Gray matter is composed of cell bodies of neurons.
Afferent Neurons
Afferent neurons detect stimuli and deliver sensory information to the
brain and spinal cord.
Afferent Neurons and Dorsal Root
Afferent neurons send information to the dorsal root of the spinal cord.
Efferent Neurons
Efferent neurons carry motor information to target muscles or glands.
Efferent Neurons and Ventral Root
Efferent neurons deliver information through the ventral root of the spinal
cord.
Interneurons
Interneurons are responsible for integrating sensory and motor
information.
Current
Current is the flow of charged particles from one point to another, and it
requires voltage.
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