©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Veterinary Pharmacology Drugs Exam Study
Guide.
Medetomidine - Answers✔alpha-2 agonist approved for use as a sedative and analgesic in dogs; trade
name is DexDomitor
Isoflurane - Answers✔Inhalent anesthetic with rapid induction and recovery times. Drug has very little
effect on the cardiovascular system compared to other inhalants. Only 0.3% of the drug is retained and
metabolized in the body
Doxapram - Answers✔CNS stimulant used primarily to stimulate respirations in newborns delivered by
C-section or is animals experiencing respiratory arrest. trade name Dopram
Atipamezole - Answers✔Alpha adrenergic blocking agent used as a reversal agent for medetomidine.
trade name is Antisedan
metoclopramide - Answers✔direct acting cholinergic used to control vomitting and promote gastric
emptying. trade name Reglan
glycopyrrolate - Answers✔anticholinergic drug with actions similar to atropine, but longer duration of
action. used primarily as a preanesthetic
propofol - Answers✔milky-white emulsion administered IV to induce anesthesia. may be administered
as a single bolus of as a constant rate infusion. commonly used in c-sections due to rapid induction.
phenobarbital - Answers✔long-acting barbituate used orally as an anticonvulsant for long-term therapy
in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy; class IV controlled substance
methohexital - Answers✔ultrashort-acting barbituate that produces 5 to 10 minutes of anesthesia; may
be used in sight hounds due to rapid redistribution and metabolism
yohimbine - Answers✔alpha adreneric blocking agent used as a reversal agent for xylazine; trade name
Yobine
atropine - Answers✔anticholinergic drug commonly used in preanesthetic protocols to prevent
bradycardia; is also used to treat organophosphate toxicity and to dilate pupils for ophthalmic exams
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
halothane - Answers✔inhalent anesthetic more potent that isoflurane and sevoflurane. sensitizes the
heart to catecholamines and predisposes to cardiac arrhythmias. associated with malignant
hyperthermia in some large-breed dogs and pigs. up to 25% of the drug is metabolized by the liver
pancuronium - Answers✔this competitive nondepolorizer is used as an adjunct to general anesthesia to
provide muscle relaxation but does not provide analgesia. it is often used to relax laryngeal muscles for
endotracheal intubation. reversed by neostigmine.
thiopental - Answers✔ultra-short acting barbiturate used to induce surgical anesthesia. Should not be
used in sight hounds or very thin animals.
dopamine - Answers✔adrenergic agent that is the precursor to epinephrine and norepinephrine. used to
treat shock and congestive heartfailure and to increase renal blood flow.
selegiline - Answers✔monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor used to increase dopamine levels in the braine.
Used to treat canine cognitive dysfunction (old dog dementia) trade name Anipryl.
Morphine - Answers✔pure opioid agonist ued to treat moderate to severe pain; common component of
preanesthetic protocol. class II controlled substance. It is the standard opioid against which all others
are compared.
bethanechol - Answers✔dirsct-acting cholinergic drug used to treat GI and urinary tract atony
pentobarbital - Answers✔short-acting barbituate that may be used to control seizures in progress that
are refractory to diazepam; as an intravenous anesthetic; and as a euthanasia agent. class II controlled
substance
phenoxybenzamine - Answers✔Alpha adrenergic blocking agent used as a vasodilator
pilocarpine - Answers✔direct agonist, emergent lowering of Intraocular pressure associated with
glaucoma.
epinephrine - Answers✔adrenergic agent that stimulates all receptors in the heart to increase heart rate
and cardiac output;drug of choice for cardiac arrest
fentanyl - Answers✔Potent mu agonist, used as anesthetic adjunct and post-surgical anesthesia, fewer
cardio effects. commonly used in combination with tranquilizers to produce neuroleptanalgesia and as a
transdremal patch
aminopentamide - Answers✔Approved to control vomitting and diarrhea in dogs and cats, trade name
Centrine.
xylazine - Answers✔alpha 2 agonist approved in dog, cat, horse, elk, deer and also used in exotics,
wildlife. Used for sedative, analgesic, anesthetic, and as an emetic. available in small animal/ruminant
(2%) and equine (10%) concentrations.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Veterinary Pharmacology Drugs Exam Study
Guide.
Medetomidine - Answers✔alpha-2 agonist approved for use as a sedative and analgesic in dogs; trade
name is DexDomitor
Isoflurane - Answers✔Inhalent anesthetic with rapid induction and recovery times. Drug has very little
effect on the cardiovascular system compared to other inhalants. Only 0.3% of the drug is retained and
metabolized in the body
Doxapram - Answers✔CNS stimulant used primarily to stimulate respirations in newborns delivered by
C-section or is animals experiencing respiratory arrest. trade name Dopram
Atipamezole - Answers✔Alpha adrenergic blocking agent used as a reversal agent for medetomidine.
trade name is Antisedan
metoclopramide - Answers✔direct acting cholinergic used to control vomitting and promote gastric
emptying. trade name Reglan
glycopyrrolate - Answers✔anticholinergic drug with actions similar to atropine, but longer duration of
action. used primarily as a preanesthetic
propofol - Answers✔milky-white emulsion administered IV to induce anesthesia. may be administered
as a single bolus of as a constant rate infusion. commonly used in c-sections due to rapid induction.
phenobarbital - Answers✔long-acting barbituate used orally as an anticonvulsant for long-term therapy
in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy; class IV controlled substance
methohexital - Answers✔ultrashort-acting barbituate that produces 5 to 10 minutes of anesthesia; may
be used in sight hounds due to rapid redistribution and metabolism
yohimbine - Answers✔alpha adreneric blocking agent used as a reversal agent for xylazine; trade name
Yobine
atropine - Answers✔anticholinergic drug commonly used in preanesthetic protocols to prevent
bradycardia; is also used to treat organophosphate toxicity and to dilate pupils for ophthalmic exams
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
halothane - Answers✔inhalent anesthetic more potent that isoflurane and sevoflurane. sensitizes the
heart to catecholamines and predisposes to cardiac arrhythmias. associated with malignant
hyperthermia in some large-breed dogs and pigs. up to 25% of the drug is metabolized by the liver
pancuronium - Answers✔this competitive nondepolorizer is used as an adjunct to general anesthesia to
provide muscle relaxation but does not provide analgesia. it is often used to relax laryngeal muscles for
endotracheal intubation. reversed by neostigmine.
thiopental - Answers✔ultra-short acting barbiturate used to induce surgical anesthesia. Should not be
used in sight hounds or very thin animals.
dopamine - Answers✔adrenergic agent that is the precursor to epinephrine and norepinephrine. used to
treat shock and congestive heartfailure and to increase renal blood flow.
selegiline - Answers✔monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor used to increase dopamine levels in the braine.
Used to treat canine cognitive dysfunction (old dog dementia) trade name Anipryl.
Morphine - Answers✔pure opioid agonist ued to treat moderate to severe pain; common component of
preanesthetic protocol. class II controlled substance. It is the standard opioid against which all others
are compared.
bethanechol - Answers✔dirsct-acting cholinergic drug used to treat GI and urinary tract atony
pentobarbital - Answers✔short-acting barbituate that may be used to control seizures in progress that
are refractory to diazepam; as an intravenous anesthetic; and as a euthanasia agent. class II controlled
substance
phenoxybenzamine - Answers✔Alpha adrenergic blocking agent used as a vasodilator
pilocarpine - Answers✔direct agonist, emergent lowering of Intraocular pressure associated with
glaucoma.
epinephrine - Answers✔adrenergic agent that stimulates all receptors in the heart to increase heart rate
and cardiac output;drug of choice for cardiac arrest
fentanyl - Answers✔Potent mu agonist, used as anesthetic adjunct and post-surgical anesthesia, fewer
cardio effects. commonly used in combination with tranquilizers to produce neuroleptanalgesia and as a
transdremal patch
aminopentamide - Answers✔Approved to control vomitting and diarrhea in dogs and cats, trade name
Centrine.
xylazine - Answers✔alpha 2 agonist approved in dog, cat, horse, elk, deer and also used in exotics,
wildlife. Used for sedative, analgesic, anesthetic, and as an emetic. available in small animal/ruminant
(2%) and equine (10%) concentrations.
