Bio 161 Exam 2- Penn State Questions
And Answers With Verified Solutions
Already Passed (GRADED A+)
Current - ANSWER✔✔ flow of charged particles from one point to another.
Requires an electrical potential (voltage)
Potential - ANSWER✔✔ also called an electrochemical gradient
resting membrane potential - ANSWER✔✔ -70mV
chemical gradient - ANSWER✔✔ uneven distribution of molecules
Electrical gradient - ANSWER✔✔ uneven distribution of charge (because
molecules are ions)
Large anions - ANSWER✔✔ unable to penetrate the plasma membrane give the
cytoplasm a negative charge relative to the ECF.
chemical diffusion - ANSWER✔✔ requires concentration gradient for ions,
molecules
Attraction/repulsion (electrical) - ANSWER✔✔
Leak channels - ANSWER✔✔ channels that are always open and allow ions to
move along their gradient
Na+/K+ pump - ANSWER✔✔ Create chemical gradient of the ions
Dendrite - ANSWER✔✔ short extensions off the cell; site for receiving signals
from other neurons
Axon - ANSWER✔✔ Extension away from the cell body; some can be myelinated
to improve conductivity
Axon Hillock - ANSWER✔✔ Cone shaped region of an axon where it joins the
cell body.
, Axon terminal - ANSWER✔✔ The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters
are stored
Synapse - ANSWER✔✔ Site of communication between neurons (in picture) or
between a neuron and a target tissue
bipolar neurons - ANSWER✔✔ one axon and one dendrite
multipolar neuron - ANSWER✔✔ A neuron with a single axon and multiple
dendrites; the most common type of neuron in the nervous system.
psuedounipolar neurons - ANSWER✔✔ neurons whose cell bodies are found in
the dorsal root
neuroglia - ANSWER✔✔ supporting cells
Oligodendrocytes - ANSWER✔✔ Type of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in
a myelin sheath.
Schwann cells - ANSWER✔✔ Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system
responsible for the formation of myelin.
ganglia - ANSWER✔✔ clusters of cell bodies in the PNS
nerves - ANSWER✔✔ bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the
central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs
Perineurium - ANSWER✔✔ bundles neurons into fascicles
Epineurium - ANSWER✔✔ provides a touch, outer layer
Cell body (soma) - ANSWER✔✔ contains one nucleus
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