Learning Objectives Bio 161 Final Exam
Questions And Answers With Verified
Solutions 100% Correct!!!
Define the major motor functions of the skeletal system - ANSWER✔✔ -skeletal
system is a dynamic system of connective tissue and is a balance between
production and remodeling
-support, protection, movement, electrolyte and acid/base balance, blood cell
differentiation
Identify the major shapes of bones - ANSWER✔✔ Flat- scapula
Long- femur
Short- carpals
Irregular- vetebra
outline the characteristics of long bones and how they relate to function -
ANSWER✔✔ -diaphysis- shaft
-epiphysis- end of long bone
-medullary cavity- site of bone marrow production
-endosteum- lcontain osteogenic cells
-periosteum- contains fibrous and osteogenic layers
-articular cartilage- covers joints to reduce friction
describe the cellular and extracellular components of bone tissue and cartilage -
ANSWER✔✔ Bone -
Cells: osteocytes
Matrix protein: collagen
Matrix ground substance: mineralized (hydroxyapatite)
compare and contrast spongy bone including the function of each - ANSWER✔✔
both:
same extracellular matrix and cells (osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts)
compact bone:
, few spaces, outside layer of all bones, make up shaft of long bones, osteons ONLY
spongy bone:
many spaces, site of marrow, located in end of long bones and middle of flat bones
compare and contrast the function, location an lineage of osteogenic cells,
osteoblasts, and osteoclasts during bone growth repair and remodeling -
ANSWER✔✔ osteogenic
function: make osteoblast cells
location: surface/periosteum
derived from: stem cells
osteoblast:
function: construct and synthesize new matrix
location: surface/periosteum
derived from: osteogenic cells
osetoclast
function: get rid of and recycle matrix
location: surface/periosteum
derived from: bone marrow
osteocyte
function: maintenance of matrix
location: trapped in matrix (lacunae)
derived from: mature osteoblasts
relate how forces on the body impact bone remodeling - ANSWER✔✔ osteons
cannot easily be compressed and form force lines on the bone
osteocytes sense the direction of the force and secrete chemicals to attract
osteoclasts to areas of high force
osteoclasts are activated and fill tunnels with matrix parallel to force lines
describe the general steps that occur during bone remodeling - ANSWER✔✔
osteoclasts are activated and start breaking down calcium
osteoblasts start building up outside of bone with calcium
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