This class explores how the Indiana State government works, and who works for each position within the Indiana State government. I've attached all of my notes from the semester
Chapter 1: State and Local Governments: New Directions
● Studying State and Local Governments in the 21st Century
○ Must perform efficiently, effectively, and equitable, and with evidence based
practices
■ Efficient: maximizes services from given resources
■ Effective: accomplishes set goals
■ Equitable: services be delivered in a fair way
■ Evidence-based practices: making decisions based on the best
researched findings available
○ States and localities have the capacity to play central roles in the U.S. federal
system
■ Bureaucracy
■ Responsible an democratic governance
■ Federalism and intergovernmental relations
● The Capacity of States and Localities
○ Historical context
○ 1950s-1960s
■ Elite dominance
■ Inefficient and ineffective services
○ Post 1980s: resurgence
■ Increased state role
■ proactive
○ How states and Localities Increased their Capacity
■ Changes in legislative apportionment
■ Increased lobbying presence
■ Modernized constitutions
○ Increased capacity and improved performance
■ Improved revenue systems
■ Expanded scope of state operations
■ Faster diffusion of innovations
■ Interjurisdictional cooperation
● Informal consultations and agreements, interstate committees,
consumer protection, etc.
■ Increased national-state conflict
● Unfunded mandates
● The People: Designers and Consumers of Government
○ Indiana demographic estimates from 2020 census
■ Ethnic-racial breakdown
● Population: 6,833,037
● 84% white
● 10.3% African American
● 7.9% hispanic/latino
● 2.8% asian
● 0.4% american indians/alaska natives
, ■ Illegal immigration
● DREAM act
● 2010 arizona immigration law
○ Political culture
■ “It’s our thing”
■ Elazar’s classification of political cultures
● Individualistic: open marketplace, self-motivated
● Moralistic: moral obligation to create good and just society
● Traditionalistic: elite-driven activity to maintain status quo
■ Socioeconomic characteristics and political structure factors
○ Culture wars
■ Culture affects policy in conflict over moral issues such as:
● Same-sex marriages
● Abortion
● Religion
● Politics
● Reactions to COVID-19
Chapter 2: Federalism and the States
● The Concept of Federalism
○ Division of government power and responsibility
■ Unitary
■ Confederate
■ Federal
○ The advantages of Federalism
■ Manages social and political conflict
■ Promotes administrative efficiency
■ Encourages innovation
■ Maximizes political participation in government
○ The disadvantages of Federalism
■ Conflicts can escalate
■ Coordination problems across governments
■ Ineffective national government programs
■ Local biases harmful to national interests
● The History of U.S. Federalism
○ Early History
■ Devices to control factions placed in the U.S. Constitution
● Representative government with citizen elections
● Division of government into 3 branches
● Federal system with majority controlled by the sovereign states
○ The move toward federalism
■ The Articles of Confederation
● Unicameral congress
● Limited power
, ● Lack of national unity
○ The Move Toward Federalism
■ The Constitutional Convention
● The Virginia Plan
● The New Jersey Plan
● The Great Compromise
○ State-Centered Federalism
■ Preferred by Jefferson and Republicans
■ Saw the Constitution as a compact that maintained the sovereignty of
states
■ Compact theory
■ Ultimately resulted in secession by 11 states
○ The growth of national power through the Constitution and the Judiciary
■ The National Supremacy Clause
■ The Necessary and Proper Clause
■ The Commerce Clause
■ The General Welfare Clause
■ The 14th Amendment
○ The growth of national power through Congress
■ Taxing and spending power
■ Federal preemption
■ Interstate commerce
■ Federalism and the courts today
● Models of Federalism
○ Dual Federalism (1787-1932)
○ Cooperative Federalism (1933-1964)
○ Contemporary variations on cooperative Federalism (since 1964)
■ Creative Federalism
■ New Federalism
● Devolution
■ Coercive Federalism
■ “Jenga” Federalism
● Intergovernmental Relations
○ Interstate cooperation
■ Full faith and credit clause
■ Interstate rendition clause
■ Privileges and immunities clause
■ Interstate compact clause
■ Informal cooperation among the states
● Regional interstate commissions
● Uniform laws
● Information sharing
● Interstate compacts
● arbitration
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