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Anatomy Journal with 100- correct answers 2025.
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Anatomy Journal with 100- correct answers 2025.
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Anatomy Journal with 100%correct answers 2025
Anterior pituitary derivation - Ant. Pituitary from surface
ectoderm. Ectoderm gives surface ectoderm, neural tube
and neural crest. Post. Pituitary from neural tube
neuroectoderm.
Remember:
Ectoderm divides into surface ectoderm, neuroectoderm
(of which their are neural tube neuroectoderm and neural
crest neuroectoderm).
Neural tube neuroectoderm = brain (including
neurohypophysis/aka post. pituitary), retina, optic nerve,
spinal cord
Neural crest neuroectoderm = PNS, melanocytes,
chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla, parafollicular C cells
of thyroid, pia and arachnoid, bones of skull,
odontoblasts, aorticopulmonary septum
Axillary Nerve - Supplies teres minor and deltoid and skin
over lateral shoulder
Common cardinal veins - Drain into sinus venosus. In
adult, this structure is the SVC.
,Failure of urachus obliteration - "3 weeks gestation, yolk
sac forms protrusion known as allantois that extends into
urogenital sinus.
Upper part of UG sinus becomes bladder and allantois now
becomes urachus (duct bw bladder and yolk sac).
Failure of urachus obliteration before birth leads to:
1. Patent urachus (straw-colored urine discharge from
umbilicus).
2. Urachal sinus (failure of distal part of urachus to close)
w/periumbilical tenderness and purulent umbilical
discharge d/t infection.
3. Failure of central portion of urachus to close = urachal
cyst."
Femoral nerve (L2-4) - "Comes out between iliacus and
psoas. Compromise from fracture or mass involving either
of these =
inability to flex thigh or extend leg and loss of sensation
to anterior thigh, medial knee and medial leg / gastroc."
Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus innervation -
Superior gluteal nerve innervates the gluteus medius and
minimus. Inferior innervates the glut max.
Horseshoe kidney - Ascent limited by IMA
Melanocytes - Derived from neural crest cells
, Pharyngeal arches - Stapes is derived from 2nd
pharyngeal arch
Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hematoma - Compresses
psoas muscle
Cause of intestinal atresia distal to duodenum - "Vascular
accident. ""Apple Peel"" or ""Christmas Tree"" deformity =
blind ending proximal jejunum, a length of absent bowel
and mesentery
and finally a terminal ileum spiraled around an ileocolic
vessel."
DDx for bilious emesis in newborn - Midgut volvulus,
intestinal stenosis and atresia
Anterolateral humeral supracondylar fracture has risk of
damaging - Radial nerve = wrist drop
Anteromedial humeral supracondylar fracture has risk of
damaging - Median nerve and brachial artery. Median
nerve damage = sensory loss over first 3 digits and wrist.
Brachial injury = pulseless hand.
FOOSH often results in what fracture at humerus -
Supracondylar fracture
Structures associated with third part of duodenum -
"Abdominal aorta, IVC, superior mesenteric vessels lie
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