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Chapter 1-4 Anatomy and Physiology with 100- correct answers 2025
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Chapter 1-4 Anatomy and Physiology with 100- correct answers 2025
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Chapter 1-4 Anatomyand Physiology with
100% correct answers
2025
Anatomy - answer the study of the structure of the body
Physiology - answer the study of the function of the body
Chemical level - answer represents the atoms and
molecules that make up cells (Consists of Atomic level and
molecular level)
Cellular level - answer represents the basic unit of all
living things
Tissue level - answer a group of cells with similar or
common function
Organ level - answer a group of tissues with similar or
common function
Organ system level - answer a group of organs with
similar or common function
,Organismic level - answer the entire body consisting of
the various organ systems.
Integumentary System - answer controls body
temperature & protects body from environmental hazards
Skeletal System - answer supports body, protects soft
body parts, stores minerals, forms blood cells
Muscular System - answer movement, support and
produces heat
Nervous System - answer controls immediate responses to
stimuli
Endocrine System - answer controls long-term responses
in body
Cardiovascular System - answer internal transport of
nutrients, wastes, oxygen, carbon dioxide and cells
Lymphatic & Immune Systems - answer defense, immunity
and returns lost fluids to cardiovascular system
Respiratory System - answer exchange of air and delivery
of blood gases to/from tissues
,Digestive System - answer ingestion, breakdown and
absorption of food & elimination of indigestible wastes
Urinary System - answer filtration of blood to maintain
proper water and salt balance and to eliminate waste
products
Reproductive System - answer produces sex cells and
hormones related to reproduction
homeostasis - answer condition in which body's internal
environment remains within certain narrow physiological
limits
homeostatic regulation - answer adjustment of
physiological system to maintain homeostasis
receptor - answer monitors change in controlled condition
(stimulus) and sends input to control center
control (integration) center - answer receives input from
receptor & determines appropriate response
effector - answer cell or organ that receives information
(output) from control center and produces a response
(effect)
, interactions of a feedback system - answer stimulus ->
receptor -> input (afferent pathway) -> control center ->
output (efferent pathway) -> response
positive feedback - answer the response by the effector to
the initial change is to further exaggerate the change.
Example in labor contractions, the contraction of the
uterus forces the baby towards the birth canal, which
places pressure on the cervix; the pressure of the baby
against the cervix causes uterine contraction, etc. -
answer ...
Negative feedback - answer the response by the effector
to the initial change is to counter or reduce that change,
thus bringing the system back to its "normal" state.
Example When blood sugar level rises, the pancreas
secretes
insulin which causes the cells of the body to take in
glucose, thus removing glucose from the blood and
lowering blood sugar level. - answer ...
Anatomical position - answer patient is erect, feet apart
and palms facing anteriorly Cephalic = head
Cranial - answer upper portion of head surrounding brain
Facial - answer face
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