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Which of the following had the greatest impact on the development of the FrenchRevolution/Napoleon's control of France:
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy (12th July 1790)
What was it: A Law passed that reorganized the Catholic Church in France. Required
Clergy to take an oath of loyalty to the state- essentially an oath to the revolution- half of the
clergy refused to do so. The impacts were clear as it removed papal power as priests and
bishops were to be now elected and paid salaries by the state.
Important Impact:
● Weakened the power of the Church in France- 1st Estate essential to the Ancien
Regime
● Destroyed the Revolutionary Consensus- Pope Pius rejected CCC in 1791 which
legitimized ‘counter-revolution’- contributed to uprisings in the Vendee. Encouraged
the King to flee in flight to Varennes in July 1791.
● Enhanced the secular nature of the revolution- more of a shift toward Republicanism
as a result of a rejection of Ancien Regime values.
Limited Impact:
● Discontent was mostly limited to Royalist and Catholic regions- e.g. Brittany and the
Vendee, very high anti-clerical sentiment in Paris meant CCC went down well.
● King did sign the CCC in August 1790
The Constitution of 1791
What was it: The first written constitution in France, establishing a constitutional monarchy
with a separation of powers. It vested legislative power in a unicameral Legislative
Assembly. It introduced limited suffrage based on an indirect voting system and property
qualifications, such as the right to vote required 3 days of labor in taxes.
Important Impact:
● Constitutional monarchy - moderate therefore wide support base (even nobility)
● Culmination of Tennis Court Oath (June 1789)- Hard work of moderates
● Barred all members of the Constituent Assembly. This meant that the new deputies
lacked experience
● factions grew/end of era of ‘give and take’ in politics.
● Gets more extreme.
Limited Impact:
, ● Nearly 750 deputies - hard to reach consensus - No Parties
● Allows the King too much power (suspensive veto)
● Lasts less than a Year- divided moderates and radicals over veto issue
Champ de Mars Massacre ( 17 July 1791)
What was it: A petition by the Cordeliers club to remove the King from power turned into a
50,000-strong demonstration, in which two suspected government spies were lynched.
Layafeette and the NG opened fire, killing 50/
Important impact:
● First time the revolutionaries had fought amongst themselves. Moderates (e.g.
Lafayette and National Guard) vs the radicals, e.g. Cordeliers and Jacobins
● Jacobin club split as a result- moderate members left to form the Feuillants
● Ensures the 1791 constitution would be very moderate. Feuillants club attracts
leading bourgeois deputies of the National Assembly
Limited impact:
● Geographically limited- affected mainly Paris- only 72 out of 900 provincial clubs
seceded with the Feuillants- very little changed
Journee of 20th June 1792
What was it: Kings veto of decrees allowing for the deportation of refractory priests and the
calling of the provincial national guards to defend Paris (federes) angered sans-culottes,
Tuileries palace stormed and the King was forced to wear the bonnet rouge and toast to the
revolution and health of the nation.
Important Impact:
● Showed that Louis was beholden to the will of the sans-culottes. Foreshadows next
time (Aug)- the crowd would succeed in overthrowing the monarchy.
● Direct escalation- direct attack on the king- shows a distinct lack of respect for the
powers of the King- confirms the radicals, not the moderates as the driver of the
revolution
Limited Impact:
● Louis did not reinstate the Girondin ministers so the movement failed ( But new
radicals in the legislative assembly could argue it was impossible to work with Louis)
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