DHN 311 Exam 120 + Questions
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1. Acetylation
addition of acetyl group
relaxes DNA, increase access
2. De-acetylation
removes acetyl
contracts
3. Methylation
add methyl
contracts
4. Gene amplification
increases number of copies of specific gene
5. Direct transcriptional regulation
ligand binds to intracellular receptors
creates transcription factor
binds to DNA to restrict or amplify
6. Indirect transcriptional regulation
ligand binds receptor on cell surface (hormone)
starts a cell signaling cascade
signals nucleus (gene expression)
7. Post-transcriptional regulation
,modified by ribonucleases
edited before translated
splicing
8. Splicing generates
isoforms or multiple related proteins from a single gene
Co- and Post-Translational Modifications
glycosylation, phosphorylation, acylation
9. Kinase
adds phosphate groups
inc or dec function of protein
10.Glycolsylation
covalent modification with carbohydrate
structural function proteins
11. Protein folding
post translational modification
12. Misfiled proteins
marked for destruction
broken down by proteasome
can recycle a.a.
13. SNP
polymorphism for single base pair change
14. Nutrigenetics
Study of the effects of genes on nutritional health, such as variations in nutrient
requirements and responsiveness to dietary modifications.
15. Nutrigenomics
, study of the effect of specific nutrients or other bioactive dietary compounds on
expression of genes
turning genes on or off
16. SFA
increase inflammation by indirect gene expression
turns on inflammatory proteins
17. PUFA
blocks inflammatory proteins
18. Epigenetics
change in phenotype without a change in nucleotide sequence or genotype
heritable
chemical tags added
19. DNA methylation and histone modification
regulate gene expression
directly related to diet
form of inheritance super imposed on our DNA
20. Environmental signals such as diet
influence metabolism, cell signal transduction, gene expression
21.Nutrients are detected by cellular signals that influence
gene and protein expression
22.Properties of an amino acid
carboxyl, amino group, r group
23. r group determines
structure and function
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