HOSA – Nutrition Practice Exam (100%
Correct) Graded A+ |Question and Answers
[100% Correct] 2025 Latest Release
Amino acids are essential components of the body because they are
the building blocks of proteins, which are necessary for muscle development, tissue repair, and
the production of enzymes and hormones.
When we consume foods such as corn, peas, beans, and nuts, we are getting
incomplete proteins. These proteins lack one or more of the essential amino acids, making them
less ideal for supporting body functions on their own.
Foods like eggs and ground beef contain
complete proteins, which means they provide all of the essential amino acids the body cannot
produce on its own, making them a high-quality source of protein.
Proteins in our diet serve the primary function of
building and repairing body cells. They are also crucial for immune function, enzyme production,
and the creation of various hormones that regulate bodily processes.
After proteins enter the small intestine, the digestion of these proteins continues through the action of
pancreatic enzymes, which break down the complex protein molecules into simpler amino acids
that the body can absorb and use.
Consuming excessive amounts of protein over time can have a negative impact on health and may
contribute to
heart disease, as it can place stress on the kidneys and increase the risk of cardiovascular
problems due to higher levels of saturated fats in some protein sources.
A condition called
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, marasmus is associated with severe protein and calorie malnutrition, resulting in an emaciated
appearance, stunted growth, and a weakened immune system, often seen in undernourished children.
Vitamins that dissolve in fats and are stored in the liver and fatty tissues include
vitamins A, K, D, and E. These vitamins are crucial for various bodily functions, including vision,
immune health, bone health, and blood clotting.
The vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body, meaning they need to be consumed
regularly, are
vitamins B and C. These vitamins help support energy production, immune function, and the
maintenance of skin and tissues.
Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed and stored in the body more slowly than water-soluble vitamins,
making
fat-soluble vitamins more resistant to immediate deficiencies but potentially harmful when
consumed in excessive amounts.
A deficiency in vitamin A can lead to
night blindness, which affects the ability to see in low-light conditions, and if left untreated, it can
cause more severe vision problems or permanent blindness.
Good sources of thiamine, which is vital for converting food into energy, include
wheat germ and liver. These foods provide a high amount of this essential vitamin that supports
the nervous system and overall metabolism.
Organ meats such as liver are rich in
thiamine, riboflavin, and B12, all of which are critical for energy production, brain function, and
the production of red blood cells, making these foods especially beneficial for maintaining overall health.
Vitamin D is necessary for the
prevention of rickets, a condition that causes the bones to become soft and brittle, especially in
children. It helps in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus for strong bone health.
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