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Volledige samenvatting Belastingrecht 1 Accountancy Nyenrode Business Universiteit

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Een volledige samenvatting van het vak Belastingrecht 1 gegeven in collegejaar 2 uit de bachelor accountancy aan Nyenrode Business Universiteit. In deze samenvatting komen alle aspecten aan bod: - College aantekeningen - Samenvatting van de slides - Samenvatting van de voorgeschreven hoofdst...

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  • December 12, 2024
  • 26
  • 2022/2023
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SAMENVATTING
BELASTINGRECHT 1
BACHELOR ACCOUNTANCY
COLLEGEJAAR 2
Nyenrode Business Universiteit

2022
Een volledige samenvatting van het vak Belastingrecht 1 gegeven in collegejaar 2 uit de bachelor
accountancy aan Nyenrode Business Universiteit.

In deze samenvatting komen alle aspecten aan bod:
- College aantekeningen
- Samenvatting van de slides
- Samenvatting van de voorgeschreven hoofdstukken uit het boek
- Samenvatting van de aanvullende literatuur


De samenvatting is gerangschikt naar de hoofdstukken uit het boek in volgorde van de colleges.



De belangrijke begrippen zijn dikgedrukt, de belangrijke artikelen zijn blauw vermeld.

,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: Algemene Inleiding ........................................................................................................... 6
§1: Doel van Belastingheffing ..............................................................................................................................................6
§2: Plaats van Belastingrecht...............................................................................................................................................6
§3: Soorten Belastingen .......................................................................................................................................................6
§4: Beginselen van het Belastingrecht ...................................................................................................................................6
§5: Bronnen van het Belastingrecht ......................................................................................................................................7
§6: Belangrijke Partijen in het Belastingrecht.......................................................................................................................7
§7: Internationalisering .......................................................................................................................................................7

Hoofdstuk 13: Formeel Belastingrecht ................................................................................................... 7
§2: Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................................................7
§3: Begripsbepalingen ..........................................................................................................................................................7
§4: Aangifte .......................................................................................................................................................................8
§5: Bezwaar en Beroep........................................................................................................................................................8

Hoofdstuk 13: Formeel Belastingrecht (vervolg) .................................................................................... 8
§6: Aanslagbelastingen .......................................................................................................................................................8
§7: Aangiftebelastingen .......................................................................................................................................................8
§8: Bezwaar en Beroep (vervolg) ..........................................................................................................................................9
§11: Vertegenwoordiging .....................................................................................................................................................9
§12: Verplichtingen ten Dienste van de Belastingheffing ......................................................................................................9
§14: Hardheidsclausule.......................................................................................................................................................9
§15: Ambtshalve Vermindering ..........................................................................................................................................9
§16: Bestuurlijke Boeten .....................................................................................................................................................9

Hoofdstuk 18: Invorderingswet ............................................................................................................. 10
§18: Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................................. 10
§19: Invorderingstermijnen ............................................................................................................................................... 10
§20: Versnelde Invordering .............................................................................................................................................. 10
§21: Dwanginvordering .................................................................................................................................................... 10
§24: Uitstel en Kwijtschelding .......................................................................................................................................... 10
§25: Invorderingsrente ...................................................................................................................................................... 11
§26: Aansprakelijkheid .................................................................................................................................................. 11

Hoofdstuk 2: Loonbelasting .................................................................................................................. 11
§1: Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................................... 11
§2: Dienstbetrekking ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
§3: Inhoudingsplichtige ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
§4: Loon ......................................................................................................................................................................... 12
§5: Vrijstellingen ............................................................................................................................................................. 12
§6: Pensioen..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
§7: Heffingskortingen....................................................................................................................................................... 12

Hoofdstuk 3: Inkomstenbelasting ........................................................................................................ 13
§1: Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 13

, §2: Box 1 - Inkomen uit Werk en Woning...................................................................................................................... 13
§3: Box 2 - Inkomen uit Aanmerkelijk Belang ............................................................................................................... 13
§4: Box 3 - Inkomen uit Sparen en Beleggen.................................................................................................................... 13
§5: Verliesverrekening ..................................................................................................................................................... 13

Hoofdstuk 4: Vennootschapsbelasting ................................................................................................. 13
§1: Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 13
§2: Belastingplicht ............................................................................................................................................................ 14
§3: Aftrekposten.............................................................................................................................................................. 14

Hoofdstuk 4: Vennootschapsbelasting (vervolg) .................................................................................. 14
§4: Winstbepaling ............................................................................................................................................................ 14
§5: Fiscale Eenheid ......................................................................................................................................................... 14

Hoofdstuk 5: Omzetbelasting (BTW)................................................................................................... 14
§1: Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 14
§2: Tarieven en Vrijstellingen .......................................................................................................................................... 15
§3: Voorbelasting ............................................................................................................................................................ 15
§4: Factureringsregels ....................................................................................................................................................... 15

Hoofdstuk 6: Invorderingswet (vervolg) ............................................................................................... 15
§27: Aansprakelijkheid (vervolg) ..................................................................................................................................... 15
§28: Verplichtingen bij Invordering .................................................................................................................................. 15
§29: Kwijtschelding en Verjaring ..................................................................................................................................... 15

Hoofdstuk 7: Loonbelasting (vervolg) .................................................................................................. 16
§8: Bijzondere Regelingen ................................................................................................................................................. 16
§9: Internationale Situaties .............................................................................................................................................. 16

Hoofdstuk 8: Erf- en Schenkbelasting .................................................................................................. 16
§1: Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 16
§2: Tarieven en Vrijstellingen .......................................................................................................................................... 16
§3: Successiewaardering .................................................................................................................................................... 16
§4: Bedrijfsopvolgingsregeling (BOR) ................................................................................................................................ 17

Hoofdstuk 9: Internationale Fiscaliteit ................................................................................................. 17
§1: Verdragen ter Voorkoming van Dubbele Belasting .................................................................................................... 17
§2: Transfer Pricing ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
§3: Controlled Foreign Corporations (CFC) .................................................................................................................... 17
§4: Wereldinkomen ......................................................................................................................................................... 17
§5: Vestigingsplaatsfictie .................................................................................................................................................. 17
§6: Hybrid Mismatches ................................................................................................................................................... 17
§7: Exitheffingen ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
§8: Verrekeningsmethodes................................................................................................................................................ 18

Hoofdstuk 10: Dividendbelasting ......................................................................................................... 18
§1: Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 18
§2: Belastingplicht ............................................................................................................................................................ 18

, §3: Vrijstellingen ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
§4: Teruggaaf van Dividendbelasting ................................................................................................................................ 18

Hoofdstuk 11: Overdrachtsbelasting ..................................................................................................... 19
§1: Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
§2: Belastingplicht ............................................................................................................................................................ 19
§3: Vrijstellingen ............................................................................................................................................................. 19
§4: Waardebepaling ......................................................................................................................................................... 19

Hoofdstuk 12: Successiewet .................................................................................................................. 19
§1: Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 19
§2: Tarieven en Schijven................................................................................................................................................... 19
§3: Vrijstellingen ............................................................................................................................................................. 19

Hoofdstuk 13: Formeel Belastingrecht (vervolg) .................................................................................. 20
§17: Verzet en Cassatie .................................................................................................................................................. 20
§18: Bestuurlijke Boeten .................................................................................................................................................. 20

Hoofdstuk 14: Invorderingswet (vervolg) ............................................................................................. 20
§30: Preferentie van Belastingvorderingen ......................................................................................................................... 20
§31: Derdenbeslag ........................................................................................................................................................... 20
§32: Bodemrecht .............................................................................................................................................................. 20
§33: Lijfsdwang............................................................................................................................................................... 20
§34: Verrekening ............................................................................................................................................................ 20
§35: Uitstel van Betaling ................................................................................................................................................. 21
§36: Invorderingsrente ...................................................................................................................................................... 21

Hoofdstuk 15: Sociale Verzekeringen en Belastingheffing................................................................... 21
§1: Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................................... 21
§2: Premieheffing ............................................................................................................................................................. 21
§3: Internationale Situaties .............................................................................................................................................. 21

Hoofdstuk 16: Bijzondere Regelingen .................................................................................................. 22
§1: Werkkostenregeling (WKR) ...................................................................................................................................... 22
§2: Fiscale Partnerschap .................................................................................................................................................. 22
§3: Auto van de Zaak..................................................................................................................................................... 22

Hoofdstuk 17: Wet op de Omzetbelasting (BTW) ................................................................................ 22
§1: Algemeen ................................................................................................................................................................... 22
§2: Btw-plichtige Prestaties ............................................................................................................................................... 22
§3: Btw-vrijstellingen ........................................................................................................................................................ 23
§4: Voorbelasting ............................................................................................................................................................ 23

Hoofdstuk 18: Bedrijfsoverdracht en Fiscaliteit ................................................................................... 23
§1: Bedrijfsopvolgingsregeling (BOR) ................................................................................................................................ 23
§2: Fusies en Splitsingen .................................................................................................................................................. 23
§3: Aandelenfusie ............................................................................................................................................................ 23
§4: Ruisende en Geruisloze Inbreng.................................................................................................................................. 23

, §5: Terugkeerregeling ....................................................................................................................................................... 24

Hoofdstuk 19: Fiscale Aftrekposten en Faciliteiten .............................................................................. 24
§1: Investeringsaftrek ....................................................................................................................................................... 24
§2: Willekeurige Afschrijving ........................................................................................................................................... 24
§3: Ondernemersaftrek..................................................................................................................................................... 24
§4: Fiscale Oudedagsreserve (FOR) ................................................................................................................................. 24

Hoofdstuk 20: Internationaal Belastingrecht ....................................................................................... 24
§1: OECD-richtlijnen ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
§2: Anti-misbruikbepalingen ........................................................................................................................................... 25
§3: Transfer Pricing ......................................................................................................................................................... 25
§4: Winstallocatie ............................................................................................................................................................ 25

Hoofdstuk 21: Verliesverrekening ......................................................................................................... 25
§1: Verliesverrekening in de Vennootschapsbelasting ........................................................................................................ 25
§2: Beperking van Verliesverrekening .............................................................................................................................. 25

Hoofdstuk 22: Formeel Belastingrecht (vervolg).................................................................................. 25
§19: Handhavingsmiddelen van de Belastingdienst ........................................................................................................... 25
§20: Navordering en Naheffing ........................................................................................................................................ 26
§21: Bezwaar en Beroep .................................................................................................................................................. 26

Hoofdstuk 23: Toekomst van het Belastingrecht ................................................................................. 26
§1: Digitalisering ............................................................................................................................................................. 26
§2: Internationale Samenwerking ..................................................................................................................................... 26

, Hoofdstuk 1: Algemene Inleiding
§1: Doel van Belastingheffing
De overheid heeft meerdere manieren om uitgaven te bekostigen:
1. Belastingen: verplichte bijdragen van burgers, zonder specifieke tegenprestatie.
2. Retributies: betalingen voor specifieke diensten (bijvoorbeeld een paspoort).
3. Sociale premies:
o Volksverzekeringen: AOW, Anw, en Wlz, geïnd samen met
inkomstenbelasting.
o Werknemersverzekeringen: Premies zoals WIA en WW, betaald door
werkgevers.
Naast het genereren van inkomsten, heeft belastingheffing ook andere doelen, zoals:
• Het stimuleren van ondernemerschap en investeringen.
• Het verkleinen van inkomensverschillen.
• Het beschermen van gezondheid en milieu.



§2: Plaats van Belastingrecht
Belastingrecht valt onder het publiekrecht, dat de relatie tussen overheid en burgers regelt.
In tegenstelling tot privaatrecht, dat interacties tussen burgers onderling betreft.
Het belastingrecht bestaat uit:
• Materieel recht: bepaalt hoeveel belasting verschuldigd is.
• Formeel recht: beschrijft verplichtingen van belastingplichtigen, zoals aangifte en
controle.


§3: Soorten Belastingen
Belastingen kunnen op verschillende manieren worden ingedeeld:
1. Centrale en decentrale belastingen:
o Centrale overheid: bijvoorbeeld inkomstenbelasting.
o Lagere overheden: gemeentelijke heffingen.
2. Directe en indirecte belastingen:
o Direct: belasting direct gevoeld door de betaler (zoals inkomstenbelasting).
o Indirect: belasting wordt doorberekend (zoals btw).
3. Tijdstip- en tijdvakbelastingen:
o Tijdvak: belasting over een bepaalde periode (bijv. loonbelasting).
o Tijdstip: belasting bij een specifieke gebeurtenis (bijv. overdrachtsbelasting).
4. Aanslag- en aangiftebelastingen:
o Aanslag: aangifte doen, wachten op een aanslag, en betalen.
o Aangifte: direct betalen na aangifte.
5. Subjectieve en objectieve belastingen:
o Subjectief: houdt rekening met persoonlijke omstandigheden.
o Objectief: houdt geen rekening met persoonlijke situaties.



§4: Beginselen van het Belastingrecht
Belastingheffing in Nederland is gebaseerd op de volgende beginselen:
1. Draagkrachtbeginsel: Sterkere schouders dragen zwaardere lasten.
2. Profijtbeginsel: Iedereen profiteert uiteindelijk van publieke voorzieningen.
3. Beginsel van de minste pijn: Belastingen zo onzichtbaar mogelijk houden.
4. Beginsel van bevoorrechte verkrijging: Financiële voordelen worden belast.

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