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Chapter 14 - Endocrine System - The Human Body in Health and Illness Exam Study Guide. $10.49
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Chapter 14 - Endocrine System - The Human Body in Health and Illness Exam Study Guide.
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 1 Chapter 14 - Endocrine System - The Human Body in Health and Illness Exam Study Guide. Target tissue or organ - Answersdescribes a specific tissue or organ to which a hormone binds receptor - Answershormones bind to these special ar...

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  • December 13, 2024
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.




Chapter 14 - Endocrine System - The Human
Body in Health and Illness Exam Study
Guide.


Target tissue or organ - Answers✔describes a specific tissue or organ to which a hormone binds

receptor - Answers✔hormones bind to these special areas in the cell membrane of the target
tissue

hormones - Answers✔chemical messagers that influences or controls the activities of other
tissues or organs.

endocrine glands - Answers✔secrete chemical substances called hormones; ductless glands

exocrine glands - Answers✔glands that secrete into ducts (e.g., sweat glands, sebaceous glands)

biorythm - Answers✔describes this pattern of hormone secretion: cortisol secretion is highest in
the morning (8 AM), lowest in the evening; example is circadian rhythm; jet lag and night shift
work alter this pattern of hormone secretion

tropic hormones - Answers✔hormones that are aimed at a target

the interaction of the hormones with its receptor stimulates the production of? - Answers✔a
second messenger cyclic such as adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

thyroid gland - Answers✔composed of many secretory unites called follicles. the gland secretes
T3, T4, and calcatonin; uses iodine to synthesize its hormones; target gland TSH; associated with
cavities filled with colloid, isthmus and iodine (many target tissues)

anterior pituitary gland - Answers✔adenohypophysis; secretes 6 major hormones: tropic
hormones, such as thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH), ACTH, growth hormone, gonadotropins
and prolactin

posterior pituitary gland - Answers✔called the neurohypophysis; secretes antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) and oxytocin

1

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
hypothalamus - Answers✔below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps
govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion (secretes releasing
hormones)

pancreas - Answers✔beta and alpha cells of islets of Langerhans; secretes insulin and glucagon

pineal gland - Answers✔cone-shaped gland; secretes melatonin; called the biological clock

parathyroid glands - Answers✔low plasma levels of calcium stimulate these glands to secrete
parathyroid hormone (PTH); glands that are sometimes embedded within the thyroid gland;
removal causes hypocalcemic tetany (fewer target cells and therfore fewer effects)

adrenal cortex - Answers✔target glands for ACTH; secretes the steroids- glucocorticoids,
mineralocorticoids, and androgens; secretes the hormones that are concerned with sugar, salt, and
sex

adrenal medulla - Answers✔secretes the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine;
secretions of this gland contribute to the sympathetic fight-or-flight response

ovaries - Answers✔gonads that secrete estrogen and progesterone

testes - Answers✔gonad that secretes testosterone

thymus gland - Answers✔this gland plays an important role in immunity and involutes, or
shrinks, after puberty

catecholamines - Answers✔Epinephrine and norepinephrine; sympathomimetic hormones

steroids hormones - Answers✔are lipid soluable, pass through the plasma membrane of the target
cell and binds to th nuclelus. the steroid receptor complex then stimulates protein synthesis. the
new protein alters cellular function (cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone)

insulin - Answers✔the stimulus for its release is an increasing blood glucose level; the only
hormone that lowers blood glucose

glucagon - Answers✔pancreatic hormone that increases blood glucose levels

parathyroid hormone - Answers✔hormone that acts on three target organs (bones,kidneys, and
intestine) to increase the blood levels of calcium; stimulates osteoclastic activity

growth hormone - Answers✔also called somatotropic hormone, this anterior pituitary hormone
stimulates the growth of the musculoskeletal system

gonadotropins - Answers✔include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone
(LH)


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