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The Human Body in Health and Illness : Chapter 3 – Cell. Exam Study Guide.
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 1 The Human Body in Health and Illness : Chapter 3 – Cell. Exam Study Guide. Mitochondria - Answersslipper-shaped organelles that produce most of the energy (ATP) nucleus - Answerscontrol center of the cell; contains most of the DNA ...

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  • December 13, 2024
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.


The Human Body in Health and Illness :
Chapter 3 – Cell. Exam Study Guide.




Mitochondria - Answers✔slipper-shaped organelles that produce most of the energy (ATP)

nucleus - Answers✔control center of the cell; contains most of the DNA

mitochondria - Answers✔slipper-shaped organelles that produce most of the energy (ATP)

Golgi apparatus - Answers✔puts the finishing touches on the protein and packages it for export
from the cell

nuclear membrane - Answers✔structure that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

rough endoplasmic reticulum - Answers✔sand-paper like structure dotted with ribosomes;
concerned with protein synthesis

flagellum - Answers✔long hairlike projection on the external surface of the cell membrane, such
as the tail of the sperm

cytoplasm - Answers✔consists of the cytosol and the organelles

cell membrane - Answers✔selectively permeable structure that separates intracellular material
from extracellular material

cilia - Answers✔short hairlike projections on the outer surface of the cell

lysosomes - Answers✔digestive organelles that "clean house" within the cell

mircotubules - Answers✔organelles that help maintain the shape of the cell and assist the cell
with movement

cytosol - Answers✔gel-like part of the cytoplasm



1

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ribosomes - Answers✔organelles that either are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum or are free
in the cytoplasm; concerned with protein synthesis

smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Answers✔type of endoplasmic reticulum concerned with the
synthesis of lipids and steroids; does not contain ribosomes

centrioles - Answers✔rod-shaped structures that play a key role in cellular reproduction

mitochondria - Answers✔called the power plant of the cells

diffusion - Answers✔most commonly used transport mechanism

osmosis - Answers✔transport mechanism in which water diffuses from an area where there is
more water to an area where there is less water; solute can't diffuse

filtration - Answers✔a pressure gradient is the driving force for this type of transport

phagocytosis - Answers✔transport mechanism that requires an input of energy to move
molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

diffusion - Answers✔movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration

facilitated diffusion - Answers✔passive transport mechanisms in which glucose is helped across
the cell membrane by a helper molecule

Pinocytosis - Answers✔intake of liquid droplets by the cell membrane; also called cellular
drinking

osmosis - Answers✔example of this transport mechanism is the swelling of a blood clot as water
is pulled into the clot

filtration - Answers✔describes this type of transport mechanism: the blood pressure pushes water
and dissolved solute out of the capillaries into the tissue spaces

phagocytosis - Answers✔a lysosome eats or ingests a bacterium

exocytosis - Answers✔a protein-containing vesicle within a cell fuses with the cell membrane
and ejects the protein

active transport pump - Answers✔transport mechanism needed to move additional potassium
into the cell if the intracellular concentration of potassium is higher than the extracellular
concentration of potassium

crenation - Answers✔shrinking of red blood cell

hemolysis - Answers✔bursting of red blood cells

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