©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Immunology Test 1 Questions With Verified
Answers
Immunology Definition - Answers✔It's the study of physiological mechanisms that are used to
defend the body from invasion by foreign or infectious agents.
What are the two immunological responses? - Answers✔1. Flexible but specific defenses of the
adaptive immune response
2. Fixed defenses of the innate immune response
Protective Immunity Definition - Answers✔People who survive a specific infection become
immune to it.
What is the lag time between infection and protection? - Answers✔7 Days
Pathogen Definition - Answers✔Any organism with potential to cause disease.
Vaccination Definition - Answers✔A disease is prevented by prior exposure to an
attenuated/killed infectious agent.
What must first occur in order for the immune system to develop protective immunity? -
Answers✔The immune system must first engage the microorganism.
Examples of Gram Negative Bacteria - Answers✔E. Coli, Salmonella, & Shigella
Examples of Gram Positive Bacteria - Answers✔Staph Aureus & Mycobacterium
Gram Negative - Answers✔lps
What cells compose the adaptive immune system? - Answers✔T & B cells.
What cells compose the innate immune system? - Answers✔NK cells.
Which infection is the most dangerous one? - Answers✔The first infection.
Variolation - Answers✔A primitive ancestor to vaccination. A process which used dried crusts
from smallpox pustules, inhaled or inserted into small cuts in the skin, to induce immunity.
Edward Jenner - Answers✔He discovered that cow pox is a viable vaccinator against smallpox.
He discovered vaccination in the modern era.
1
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Opportunistic Pathogen - Answers✔A microorganism that causes disease only in individuals
whose immune systems are in some way compromised.
4 Types of Pathogens - Answers✔Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, & Parasites.
Example of Bacterial Pathogen - Answers✔Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which causes the
disease Tuberculosis.
Examples of Viral Pathogen - Answers✔Influenza which causes the Flu. & HIV which causes
AIDS
Example of Fungal Pathogen - Answers✔Candida albicans which causes thrust and systemic
candidiasis diseases.
Example of Parasitic Pathogen - Answers✔Typanosoma brucei which causes the sleeping
sickness disease. They're are unicellar protozoa and multi-cellular worms.
What is a problem with taking antibiotics? - Answers✔When a round of antibiotics is taken,
there is no specificity for the pathogen, so a large percentage of the bacteria (good and bad) are
killed.
Commensal Bacteria - Answers✔Over 500 species of normal flora bacteria in the human gut.
these are non-harmful.
MALT - Answers✔(Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
The mucosal surfaces lining digestive, respiratory and urogenital tracts are the major sites of
entry for pathogens and are defended by this. Tissues range from loosely organized clusters of
lymphoid cells to well-organized structures - tonsils, appendix.
BALT - Answers✔(Bronchial Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
-Lines the respiratory epithelium & the gastrointestinal tract
GALT - Answers✔(Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
-Tonsils
-Adenoids
-Appendix
-Peyer's Patches
What is the immune systems' first line of defense? - Answers✔Skin, which is an external defense
against infection. It's a tough impenetrable barrier. It's continuous with epithelial lining.
Mucus - Answers✔A thick fluid containing glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and enzymes. Which
are protective.
2
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Immunology Test 1 Questions With Verified
Answers
Immunology Definition - Answers✔It's the study of physiological mechanisms that are used to
defend the body from invasion by foreign or infectious agents.
What are the two immunological responses? - Answers✔1. Flexible but specific defenses of the
adaptive immune response
2. Fixed defenses of the innate immune response
Protective Immunity Definition - Answers✔People who survive a specific infection become
immune to it.
What is the lag time between infection and protection? - Answers✔7 Days
Pathogen Definition - Answers✔Any organism with potential to cause disease.
Vaccination Definition - Answers✔A disease is prevented by prior exposure to an
attenuated/killed infectious agent.
What must first occur in order for the immune system to develop protective immunity? -
Answers✔The immune system must first engage the microorganism.
Examples of Gram Negative Bacteria - Answers✔E. Coli, Salmonella, & Shigella
Examples of Gram Positive Bacteria - Answers✔Staph Aureus & Mycobacterium
Gram Negative - Answers✔lps
What cells compose the adaptive immune system? - Answers✔T & B cells.
What cells compose the innate immune system? - Answers✔NK cells.
Which infection is the most dangerous one? - Answers✔The first infection.
Variolation - Answers✔A primitive ancestor to vaccination. A process which used dried crusts
from smallpox pustules, inhaled or inserted into small cuts in the skin, to induce immunity.
Edward Jenner - Answers✔He discovered that cow pox is a viable vaccinator against smallpox.
He discovered vaccination in the modern era.
1
, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Opportunistic Pathogen - Answers✔A microorganism that causes disease only in individuals
whose immune systems are in some way compromised.
4 Types of Pathogens - Answers✔Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, & Parasites.
Example of Bacterial Pathogen - Answers✔Mycobacterium Tuberculosis which causes the
disease Tuberculosis.
Examples of Viral Pathogen - Answers✔Influenza which causes the Flu. & HIV which causes
AIDS
Example of Fungal Pathogen - Answers✔Candida albicans which causes thrust and systemic
candidiasis diseases.
Example of Parasitic Pathogen - Answers✔Typanosoma brucei which causes the sleeping
sickness disease. They're are unicellar protozoa and multi-cellular worms.
What is a problem with taking antibiotics? - Answers✔When a round of antibiotics is taken,
there is no specificity for the pathogen, so a large percentage of the bacteria (good and bad) are
killed.
Commensal Bacteria - Answers✔Over 500 species of normal flora bacteria in the human gut.
these are non-harmful.
MALT - Answers✔(Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
The mucosal surfaces lining digestive, respiratory and urogenital tracts are the major sites of
entry for pathogens and are defended by this. Tissues range from loosely organized clusters of
lymphoid cells to well-organized structures - tonsils, appendix.
BALT - Answers✔(Bronchial Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
-Lines the respiratory epithelium & the gastrointestinal tract
GALT - Answers✔(Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
-Tonsils
-Adenoids
-Appendix
-Peyer's Patches
What is the immune systems' first line of defense? - Answers✔Skin, which is an external defense
against infection. It's a tough impenetrable barrier. It's continuous with epithelial lining.
Mucus - Answers✔A thick fluid containing glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and enzymes. Which
are protective.
2
