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lecture 3
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Lecture notes of 54 pages for the course MANE2220 at UOIT (Lecture 3)
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Structures & Properties ofMaterials
(MANE 2220U)
Ghaus Rizvi
Chapter 3 -
, Acknowledgement
• Most of the material included in the
lecture is from different editions of:
– Materials Science and Engineering: An
Introduction, By: William D. Callister, Jr. and
David G. Rethwisch, Wiley
Chapter 3 - 2
,Chapter 3: The Structure of Crystalline Solids
ISSUES TO EXPLORE...
• What is the difference in atomic arrangement
between crystalline and noncrystalline solids?
• What are the crystal structures of metals?
• What are the characteristics of crystal structures?
• How are crystallographic points, directions, and
planes specified?
• What characteristics of a material’s atomic
structure determine its density?
Chapter 3 - 3
, Crystal Structures: Fundamental Concepts
• Atoms (or ions) are solid spheres having well-defined diameters
• atomic hard-sphere model: Neighboring spheres touch each other
• Crystalline material: the atoms are situated in a repeating or periodic
array over large atomic distances; long-range atomic order exists
• upon solidification, the atoms will position themselves in a repetitive 3D
pattern, in which each atom is bonded to its nearest-neighbor atoms.
Chapter 3 - 4
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