Extensive summary of the book Foundations of Sensation and Perception (by Mather) for the chapters as covered by the lectures of 0HV20. Build up in an orderly fashion with additional images for clarification and inclusion of keywords as stated in the book.
Contents
Chapter 1 – General principles..............................................................................................................5
Major groups of sense.......................................................................................................................5
Methods used to study perception....................................................................................................5
General principles of sensation and perception................................................................................6
Physiological principles..................................................................................................................6
Perceptual principles.....................................................................................................................7
Theoretical principles.....................................................................................................................8
Key terms...........................................................................................................................................9
Chapter 2 – The chemical senses.........................................................................................................12
Smell................................................................................................................................................12
Anatomy and physiology of smell................................................................................................12
Perception and function of smell.................................................................................................13
Taste................................................................................................................................................14
Anatomy and physiology of taste................................................................................................14
Perception and function of taste.................................................................................................14
Flavor...............................................................................................................................................15
Keywords.........................................................................................................................................15
Chapter 3 – The body senses...............................................................................................................16
The somatosensory system.............................................................................................................16
Physiology of Somatosensation...................................................................................................17
Somatosensory perception..........................................................................................................18
The vestibular system......................................................................................................................19
Physiology of the vestibular system.............................................................................................19
Vestibular perception..................................................................................................................21
Keywords.........................................................................................................................................22
Chapter 4 – The physics and biology of audition.................................................................................23
Sound as a physical stimulus............................................................................................................23
Simple sounds..............................................................................................................................23
Complex sounds...........................................................................................................................24
The physiology of the auditory system............................................................................................26
The outer ear...............................................................................................................................26
The middle ear.............................................................................................................................26
The inner ear................................................................................................................................27
, The ascending auditory pathway.................................................................................................30
Auditory cortex............................................................................................................................31
The descending auditory cortex...................................................................................................32
Keywords.........................................................................................................................................32
Chapter 5 – Perception of sound.........................................................................................................34
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................34
Loudness perception........................................................................................................................34
Loudness matching......................................................................................................................34
Loudness scaling..........................................................................................................................35
Models of loudness perception...................................................................................................35
Pitch perception...............................................................................................................................36
Frequency selectivity...................................................................................................................36
Frequency discrimination............................................................................................................36
Theories of pitch perception........................................................................................................37
Auditory localization........................................................................................................................38
Localization in the horizontal plane.............................................................................................38
Localization in the vertical plane..................................................................................................38
The precedence effect.................................................................................................................39
Distance judgments.....................................................................................................................39
Speech perception...........................................................................................................................39
Auditory scene analysis....................................................................................................................39
Spatial location............................................................................................................................39
Spectral content...........................................................................................................................39
Time or onset...............................................................................................................................40
Hearing dysfunction.........................................................................................................................40
Conductive hearing loss...............................................................................................................40
Sensorineural hearing loss...........................................................................................................41
Keywords.........................................................................................................................................42
Chapter 6 - The physics of vision – light and the eye...........................................................................43
What is light?...................................................................................................................................43
Light as rays.................................................................................................................................43
Light as particles (Isaac Newton).................................................................................................44
Light as waves (Huygens, Young & Maxwell)...............................................................................44
The duality of light.......................................................................................................................44
Some important properties of light.................................................................................................45
Absorption, reflection, transmission............................................................................................45
, Intensity.......................................................................................................................................45
Contrast and reflectance..............................................................................................................46
Wavelength..................................................................................................................................46
The eye............................................................................................................................................46
Structure of the human eye.........................................................................................................46
Visual angle..................................................................................................................................47
Optical properties of the eye.......................................................................................................47
Eye movements...........................................................................................................................49
Keywords.........................................................................................................................................50
Chapter 7 – Visual physiology..............................................................................................................52
The retina........................................................................................................................................52
Outer nuclear layer......................................................................................................................52
Inner nuclear layer.......................................................................................................................53
Ganglion cell layer........................................................................................................................54
The visual pathway..........................................................................................................................56
The visual cortex..............................................................................................................................56
Striate cortex...............................................................................................................................56
Extrastriate cortex.......................................................................................................................57
Keywords.........................................................................................................................................57
Chapter 8 – Color vision.......................................................................................................................59
Color space......................................................................................................................................59
Opponent colors..........................................................................................................................59
Color mixture...................................................................................................................................59
Subtractive mixtures....................................................................................................................59
Additive mixtures.........................................................................................................................59
Color matching: the CIE chromaticity diagram.............................................................................60
Origin of additive color mixture...................................................................................................60
Dual-process theory.........................................................................................................................61
Color interactions............................................................................................................................61
Color contrast and adaptation.....................................................................................................61
Origin of color interactions..........................................................................................................62
Color constancy...............................................................................................................................62
Cortical physiology...........................................................................................................................63
Color deficiency...............................................................................................................................63
Keywords.........................................................................................................................................64
Chapter 9 - Spatial vision.....................................................................................................................65
, Fundamental functions....................................................................................................................65
Photopic and scotopic vision.......................................................................................................65
Spatial contrast sensitivity...........................................................................................................66
Temporal contrast sensitivity.......................................................................................................68
Spatiotemporal sensitivity...........................................................................................................68
Representation at multiple spatial scales........................................................................................70
Spatial scale.................................................................................................................................70
Spatial scale and spatial frequency..............................................................................................70
Psychophysical evidence for multiple spatial filters.....................................................................71
Uses of spatial filters........................................................................................................................72
Feature localization......................................................................................................................72
Texture analysis...........................................................................................................................73
Scene gist.....................................................................................................................................74
Stereo and motion.......................................................................................................................74
Keywords.........................................................................................................................................74
Chapter 10 – Shape and object perception..........................................................................................76
Introduction: the three-staged model.............................................................................................76
Neuropsychological evidence for the three-stage model............................................................76
Shape representation......................................................................................................................76
Gestalt laws.................................................................................................................................76
Shape segmentation processes....................................................................................................77
Contour integration.....................................................................................................................77
Surface parsing............................................................................................................................77
Crowding......................................................................................................................................78
Object representation......................................................................................................................78
View-independent theories.........................................................................................................78
View-dependent theories............................................................................................................79
Neural basis of object representation..........................................................................................79
Scene perception.............................................................................................................................79
Keywords.........................................................................................................................................79
Chapter 11 – Depth perception...........................................................................................................80
The multiplicity of depth cues..........................................................................................................80
Monocular cues...........................................................................................................................80
Binocular cues..............................................................................................................................82
Cue combination..............................................................................................................................83
Correlations between cues..........................................................................................................83
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