Class notes
Class Notes Bio105
- Course
- 1904 (BIO105)
- Institution
- University Of Wisconsin - La Crosse
In class notes from UW-La Crosse's BIO-105. Taught by Jason Fruend, notes taken in class and includes class pictures and material.
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Bio 105-day one (September 3)Nature of Science and Evolution
>
-
method used to Evolution -
Species &Changel over time
develop and fine >
-
can be observed over short
period of time
tune ideas that
(and long
turn into facts
Hypothesis -
educated guess through observation
>
- testable
A
theory idea with
Theory idea/set of ideas that have been
-
is a major unifying
tested thoroughly
far-reaching implications that has been
extensively tested and attempts to >
-
doesn't have to "work
every
time"
disprove it have failed
>
-
good theory gives a pattern and
ex :
big bang , natural selection a process
>
- theories don't become laws
Variable
Law -
physical phenomena
Y exigravity
Variable -
What
dependent
·
response
we are
observing
-
the
thing that changes
X a
·indepen
Good -
Variable control (changing one thing
Experiment procedures -
doing things the
same way time
every
control -
all experiments have
same conditions
L (matched variables
*
correlation - Causation
Scientific Fact : an and verifiable observation
objective
,CHAPTER I NOTES
.1
4 The study of life reveals unifying themes
matter]
organization
information
energy +
themes reductionism : reduces
systems to simpler components
complex
that
interactions life are more manageable to study
evolution * structure function
can explain
and vice versa
Biological organization ex : a leafs long structure allows
more sunlight
1 Biosphere 6
. .
organs
.
2 ecosystems . tissues
7
enkaryotic cell : contains membrane-
enclosed organelles
. communities
3 8. Cells
prokaryotic cell : lacks nucleus
4 populations a. organells
5
. organisms 10 ·
molecules enerallysmallerthanukatis
n
g enes : each section of DNA in a
chromosome Contains all info
for needed
building all molecules
in a cell
↳ DNA replecated into a cell will
become the same info that
makes up all cells in a living thing
&timamino acid potent
, Sep
Evolutionary
5th
Mechanisms .
Evolution :
change in species over time Natural Selection :
process that results in the
Survival and reproductive of individuals best
↳ easily observed
success
adapted to their environment
Evidence of Evolution : 5 * populations are not
major mechanisms Phenotype : observ . trait homogeneous
>
-
* genetic variation causes differences
fossils >
-
migration (gene flow) genotype : genetics
(wo populations become more
time)
* food
being limited (competition) creates
changes
similar over
>
- -
ladaptations
in pop,
diseases
I
sexual selection
(species that can mate will have
Yellow gets eaten , will
occur to combat
genetic homologies
they can)
brighter
brown
colors bc
so over time
,
>
- -
natural selection scarcity/comp.
Will take over
>
- anatomical homologies ->
mutations
>
- amino acids >
-
genetidrift couldalo beespecies
↓
Mutations : a
change in DNA
structure , heritable -
can be passed on
exiyou can't pass on skin cancer , but you
could it
pass on
your vulnerability to get
Sexual Selection : a form of Genetic Drift : the change in genetic makeup
Natural selection that comes about through of a
pop ,
due to random events
preferencebyone sforparticle
another
sex
L more likely to affect smaller populations
Scooter
* sexual selection leads to non-random ex :
squishing bugs on sidewalk
mating ↳ all luck ,
but changes genes in pop.
Le creates new pop
.
ex :
giraffes we necks can beat up other
males ,
long
making them more attractive to
females
-natural selection would be giraffes having
long neck to reach top of tree
sexual dimorphism : males are more
armored due to
fighting more
,Biomes-Sep - 10th ·
Terrestrial Biomes Osmoregulation :
Types of Biomes :
salt and water
>
- Rain Forest -grassland) weather vs Climate
balance
.
taiga
-
-
desert >
- day to day -long ter m
>
- temp. deciduous +
fundra -> "What you get
"
- "What photic :
light hits
you expect"
forest
aphotic : no light
Primary Producers : how much production happens (from plants) Predicting Biomes :
NPP : Gross pp -
respiration >
- distance to equator (temp
↳
benthic : bottom
higher amount in tropical climates
-precipitation
flower in
deserts/high elevations (mountains lotic
moving
:
-oceans ex : desert-hot and
dry
lax :
temperate disidual climate * more cold= tundra-cold and Water
dry
seasons trees less humid lentic : still water
drop leaves
Latitude + Elevation
biomes
predicting climate zonation are a
: -
>
- latitude function of elevation
>
-
altitude resimilar to latitude , but
>
- mountains smaller scale
>
-
Oceans currents)
>
- Windssimilar to Windward + leeward sides of muts .
currents) - more -more
numid
dry
* lakes create
precipitation
coderontoa
o
Making Proper Figure seasons bottoms
are caused
Axes
Hadley
>
-
labeled by Earths filt Cell :
> no
-
grid lines (directness of sun) opposite climates
- equations given legend North-South close together
facing due
>
-
figure is clean
its .
- Southern side to precipitation
figure caption
>
-
dries due to sun
·
Aquatic Biomes
highly productive places : * 71 % of Earth is covered in water
-
almost all salt
3
·
coral reef · Shallow-hotter +
highest places of rivers and streams
more sunlight
·
kelp forests
Sun hits
productivity :
Oprimary productivity
Photic -
where
comes from
·
intersection
·
Benthic-bottom =
good
·
rainforest
↳ great amount Kelp algae +
things on rocks
of
productivity
·
coral
-benthic places get energy
tides : due to gravity of the moon
from things falling into the
estuaries : Where river meets Ocean stream ,
ex : leat falling in
-highly productive / Marshes , Swamps Bogs river
,
* sediments pollute streams
thermoclines and lake turnover every high biodiversity
oligotrophic : low nutrients
-ecosystem services
summer : high temp on top low, on bottom ·
important breeding ground eutrophic : high nutrients
·
purify water + store flood
fall top level :
gets cold and falls to Water
* streams have less productive ,
↑ called turnover bottom esensitive to development be there nutrients move
# happens again in Winter ↓ pollution downstream
*
high biodiversityy due to
↑
isolation
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