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Marine Biology exam 3 || Questions and 100% Verified Answers.
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  • Course
  • Marine Biology
  • Institution
  • Marine Biology

Benthic autotrophs correct answers seaweeds, marine plants like sea grass Seaweed characteristics correct answers most are benthic, distribution governed by light and temperature, most are annuals, greater diversity in the tropic Seaweed morphology correct answers body called thallus, roots c...

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  • December 15, 2024
  • 9
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • Marine Biology

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Marine Biology exam 3 || Questions and 100% Verified
Answers.
Benthic autotrophs correct answers seaweeds, marine plants like sea grass

Seaweed characteristics correct answers most are benthic, distribution governed by light and
temperature, most are annuals, greater diversity in the tropic

Seaweed morphology correct answers body called thallus, roots called holdfast, leaf-like
structures called blades, possesses an air bladder to keep blades closer to water surface

Seaweed morphology types correct answers encrusting, filamentous, branched, and leaf-like

Chlorophyta correct answers green algae
primary pigments: chlorophyll a and b
storage- starch
cell wall- cellulose
found in shallow waters, tropics, tide pools
Ex. Caulerfa and Halimeda

Phaeophyta correct answers brown algae
primary pigments: chlorophyll a and c, fucoxanthin
storage: laminarin, mannitol
cell wall: alginate
found in tide pool at 100 ft deep, desiccation tolerant, high latitudes
Ex. Egregia (Dr. Dalman's fave)

Rhodophyta correct answers red algae
primary pigments: chlorophyll a and d, phycoeryhtrin and phycocyanin
storage: Floridian starch
cell wall: agar, carageenan
found everywhere, mostly in tropics
Unique growth: epiphyte and epizoids
Ex. Gracilaria

Seaweed reproduction correct answers alternation of generations: haploid and diploid stages,
have both multi-cellular diploid and multi-cellular haploid forms

Sporophyte correct answers multi-cellular form, diploid, meiosis to preduce single celled haploid

Gametophyte correct answers multi-cellular haploid produces male and female gametes,
fertilization produces 2n sporophyte

Marine plants correct answers vascular angiosperms, halophytes

, Sea grasses correct answers vegetative growth- mostly underground rhizomes
roots branch off like rhizomes, arise from nodes on stems and anchor plants, have root hairs
(cellular extensions)

Aerenchyme correct answers adaptation to anoxic sediment, a continuous system for gas
transport and provides buoyancy to leaves, tannins prevent microbial growth

Salt Marsh Plants correct answers much less adapted to marine life than sea grasses, must be
exposed to air

Salt Marsh Plants adaptations correct answers facultative halophyte (can tolerate fresh or salt
water), leaves covered by a thick cuticle, well-developed vascular tissues, succulent parts, some
have salt glands (like Spartina), and other stores salt in leaves which break off (glasswort)

Mangrove correct answers (analogous to our salt marshes)
tropics, trees rather than grass, low energy waves, low slope, high sedimentation, waterlogged
soils, anoxic high in salts

Structure of Mangroves correct answers roots: mainly aerial and contain aerenchyme,
pneumatophores, and ATPases actively pump salt out (moving up salt concentration gradient so
requires energy)

Pneumatophores correct answers aerial roots which arise from the upper side of roots, growing
out of sediments and into air or water

Phylum Porifera correct answers benthic, cellular level of organization, asymmetrical,
acoelomic, spongin and spicules for supports

Phylum Cnidaria correct answers (jellies, sea anemones, and corals)
radial symmetry, either polyp (benthic) or medusa (planktonic) body plans, tissue level
organization (first group), nematocysts

Hydrozoans correct answers polyps, asexual and sexual reproduction

Anthosoans correct answers sea anemone, corals, sea pens
largest group of cnidarians, can be colonial

Cnidarian competition correct answers competition for space on hard surfaces in the marine
environment; fight each other by stinging, smothering, or digesting neighbor

Phylum Platylhelminthes correct answers flatworms
aposematic coloration
bilateral symmetry (first group), helps with oriented movement due to cephalization
tissue-level organization, simple organs
most are hermaphrodites

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