Summary
Samenvatting Verteringsstelsel
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Alles over de vertering van macronutrienten koolhydraten, vetten en eiwitten in het verteringsstelsel. Het spijsverteringsstelsel en al haar functies.
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By: gerdafiechter • 4 year ago
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SAMENVATTINGVERTERINGSSTELSEL
Alles betreft het verteringsstelsel, koolhydraten, vetten en eiwitten.
Ook de functies van organen in het spijsverteringsstelsel worden uitgelicht.
Miriam de Lange
2019/2020
,Inhoudsopgave
Maag:.....................................................................................................................................................2
Dunne darm:...........................................................................................................................................4
Duodenum vertering:.........................................................................................................................4
Jejenum vertering:..............................................................................................................................4
Ileum vertering:..................................................................................................................................4
Dunne darm absorptie:.......................................................................................................................5
Wat wordt waar op genomen?...........................................................................................................5
Dikke darm.............................................................................................................................................7
Hulporganen: Galblaas, Alvleesklier.......................................................................................................8
Galblaas:.............................................................................................................................................8
Alvleesklier:........................................................................................................................................8
Lever.......................................................................................................................................................9
Functies van de lever..........................................................................................................................9
Opslag glycogeen............................................................................................................................9
Gluconeogenese.............................................................................................................................9
Vorming van stollingsfactoren........................................................................................................9
Vorming van gal..............................................................................................................................9
Afbraak van rode bloedcellen.........................................................................................................9
Cholesterol...................................................................................................................................10
Galzure zouten..............................................................................................................................10
Transaminering.............................................................................................................................10
Desaminering................................................................................................................................10
Detoxificatie..................................................................................................................................10
Vertering van koolhydraten..................................................................................................................11
Vertering van vetten.............................................................................................................................12
Vertering exogene vetten.................................................................................................................12
Vertering endogene vetten:..............................................................................................................13
Vertering eiwitten.................................................................................................................................16
Exogene eiwitvertering.....................................................................................................................16
Spijsverteringsstelsel overzicht:...........................................................................................................18
Overzicht klieren, enzymen, substraat en eindproduct........................................................................18
Verteringsstelsel diversen:...................................................................................................................19
Referenties:..........................................................................................................................................20
, Maag:
Maag = gaster : is eigenlijk een verwijding met vele spieren.
- Eusophagus = slokdarm
- Fundus = De maag bestaat uit twee delen. Het bovenste deel (fundus en corpus) van
de maag zorgt voornamelijk voor het toevoegen van maagsap aan de brij. Het
onderste deel (antrum) van de maag zorgt vooral voor het kneden, mixen en
malen.
- Rugae = Plooien in de maag die de oppervlakte vergroten
- Pylorus = Maagportier: stevige kringspier die voorkomt dat het zure voedsel in de
maag meteen de darm ingaat.
- Duodenum = 12-vingerige darm
- Mucosa = Slijmvlieslaag; hierin bevinden zich miljoenen kleine kliertjes die maagsap
produceren
- Submucosa = Bindweefsellaag; deze bestaat uit cellen en vezels, waar veel bloedvaten en
zenuwen doorheen lopen
- Muscle layers = Spierlaag; de spieren zorgen voor het kneden, mixen, malen en
voortbewegen van voedsel. Hierdoor wordt voedsel verkleind en het
maagsap wordt goed vermengd met de brij.
Na de maag heet bolus: chymus (dus eerst voedingsbolus en daarna chymus).
3 Functies:
1. Activeren pepsine (door zymogene cellen)
2. Doden bacteriën
3. Denatureren eiwitten (=eiwit verliest zijn structuur en daarmee zijn vorm zodat
‘pepsine’ er beter bij kan.
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