1 correct answers electron and muon radiation weighting factor
2 correct answers proton and charged pion radiation weighting factor
20 correct answers alpha particle, fission fragment, heavy ion radiation weighting factor
Continuous curve as function of neutron energy correct answers neutron radiation weighting
factor
equivalent dose correct answers Product of absorbed dose averaged over a tissue or organ and
the radiation weighting factor
absorbed dose x W_R
Unit: Sieverts
No correct answers 1 Sievert of neutrons produces the same biological effect as 1 Sievert of X-
rays. Is this true for Gray?
effective dose correct answers equivalent dose x W_T (absorbed dose x W_R x W_T)
Sievert
committed equivalent dose correct answers Integral over the time T of the equivalent dose in a
given tissue after intake of a radionuclide (T = 50 adults, 70 children)
committed effective dose correct answers committed equivalent doses to individual organs
multiplied by tissue weighting factor and reintegrated
product of the average effective dose and the number of individuals exposed (Person-sievert)
collective committed effective dose correct answers apply 50 year integral to collective effective
dose
Integration of the ecollective dose over 50 y (Person-sievert)
absorbed dose correct answers energy per unit mass (Gray)
equivalent dose correct answers average dose x radiation weighting factor (Sievert)
effective dose correct answers sum of equivalent doses to organs and tissues exposed, each
multiplied by the appropriate weighting factor (Sievert)
cell kill correct answers type of tissue damage that occurs to skin, is deterministic
cell mutation correct answers type of tissue damage that can cause cancer, stochastic
deterministic versus stochastic effect of radiation correct answers
as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) correct answers if dose can be lower, make it lower
ICRP Recommendations correct answers - diagnostic or therapeutic benefit must outweigh risk
of exposure
- occupational: risk must be assessed along with other sources of risk
- research: benefit is unknown to individual, but benefit to society must outweigh individual risks
40%/Sv correct answers risk estimate of severe intellectual impairment associated with exposure
of embryo/fetus (8-15 wk)
5%/Sv correct answers risk estimate of carcinogenesis of general population (low dose, low dose
rate)
0.2%/Sv correct answers risk estimate of heritable effects for the general population
based on skin erythema correct answers earliest exposure limit (1930s)
late effects correct answers 1950s exposure limit based on animal studies
comparison of chance of carcinogenesis to occupational mortality correct answers 1980s
exposure limit from the NCRP
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