Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU)
Unknown
Cardiovascular Science
All documents for this subject (13)
Seller
Follow
finlaybeaton
Content preview
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF
HYPERTENSION
HYPERTENSION
• chronically elevated systemic BP
• Guidelines from British hypertension society
◦ ◦ Systolic 140/ Diastolic 90 mmHg
◦ ◦ Monitored: 135-139/ 85-89 *
• classification
◦ ◦ Essential hypertension (95% of cases)
◦ ◦ Secondary hypertension (eg. renal disease; Pre-eclamptic toxaemia)
▪ when you have a disease with added hypertension
• essential hypertension
◦ ◦ Benign essential hypertension: usually symptom-less; predisposing factors:
▪ obesity; excessive alcohol consumption; high dietary salt intake; stress; lack
of exercise
◦ ◦ Malignant hypertension: Rapid increase in BP
WHY DOES ARTERIAL BP RISE
• Pathophysiological alterations in the walls of blood vessels - could be cause or
effect of high BP
, • small resistance size arteries
◦ Small arterial narrowing raises peripheral resistance and mean arterial blood
pressure [MAP]
▪ ◦ This is the primary pathology
◦ ◦ Rarefaction: reduction in the number of vessels per unit tissue volume
▪ ◦ Seen in skin, retina and intestines
• MAP = CO x peripheral resistance
◦ peripheral resitiance is a function of the health of the small resistance size
arteries
• large elastic arteries - less of an effect than small arterial arteries
◦ ◦ Large arterial stiffening exacerbates systolic hypertension
◦ ◦ Increased wall stiffness; increased pulse wave velocity
FEATURES OF HYPERTENSION
• Increased vascular tone/ reactivity
• vessel wall remodelling - usually associated with increased media thickening
• eutrophic
◦ Change in vessel wall WITHOUT change in amount of material
◦ ◦ Ratio of wall thickness to internal radium is increased by ~30%
▪ smaller diameter
• hypertrophic
◦ change in vessel wall with increased amount
• endothelial dysfunction
• increased vascular tone
ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION
• endothelial dysfunction is a pathological condition of the vascular endothelium
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller finlaybeaton. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.37. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.