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samenvatting communicatie wetenschappen II
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samenvatting communicatie wetenschappen II Les notities aangevuld met de slides . Prof. Eduard Cuelenaere
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Comunicatie wetenschappen IILes notities
inhoudstafel
Les notities ......................................................................................................... 1
inhoudstafel ........................................................................................................ 1
1. Verlichting, humanisme & postmoderniteit ........................................................... 4
a) Moderniteit: als historische fase ...........................................................................................4
b) Moderniteit: cognitief denkkader ..........................................................................................6
c) Moderniteit: artistieke stroming ............................................................................................6
d) Kritische stemmen in/over moderniteit .................................................................................8
e) Postmoderniteit: cognitief denkkader ( als een objectieve absolute waarheid) ........................8
f) Lyotard: deconstructivistisch postmodernisme ................................................................... 10
g) Jameson: pessimistisch t.a.v. postmoderniteit (1)................................................................ 11
h) Parodie en pastisch ........................................................................................................... 12
i) Baudrillard: pessimistisch t.a.v. postmoderniteit (2) ............................................................ 12
j) Hutcheon: productief postmodernisme .............................................................................. 13
k) Postmoderniteit: artistieke stroming ................................................................................... 13
l) Recap ............................................................................................................................... 14
2. Evolutie in onderzoeksvragen en groeiende institutionalisering ............................ 15
a) Communicatiewetenschappen .......................................................................................... 15
b) Kritieken op eigenheid ....................................................................................................... 15
1. Ontwikkelingen in andere disciplines ............................................................................. 15
2. Technologische ontwikkelingen ...................................................................................... 16
3. Ethische kwesties ......................................................................................................... 16
3. Evolutie van onderzoeksvragen (Conjuncturen, paradigma’s, en andere
machtsstrijden) ....................................................................................................... 17
a) 1. Mens- en maatschappijbeeld (paradigma) ....................................................................... 17
b) 2. Financiële bepalingen .................................................................................................... 22
c) 3. Evolutie machtsstrijd andere wetenschappen ................................................................. 22
4. Theorie(-vorming) ................................................................................................. 29
a) Durf te denken .................................................................................................................. 29
b) Alledaags theoriegebruik ................................................................................................... 30
c) Een poging tot definiëring................................................................................................... 31
d) Academische theorie ........................................................................................................ 34
e) Toepassing: ELM-model ..................................................................................................... 36
f) Doel academische theorie ................................................................................................. 37
5. Theorieën gecontextualiseerd............................................................................ 38
a) Onderliggende assumpties ................................................................................................ 38
a. 1 Ontologische assumptie(s) ............................................................................................. 38
1
, a. 2 Epistemologische assumptie(s) ...................................................................................... 39
a. 3 Methodologische assumptie(s) ........................................................................................ 39
a. 4 Praxeologische assumptie(s) ........................................................................................... 40
a. 5 Axiologische assumptie(s) ............................................................................................... 40
b) Theorie in context .............................................................................................................. 40
c) Academisch lezen ............................................................................................................. 41
6. Heuristiek van de complexiteit .......................................................................... 42
a) Pleidooi binnen sociale wetenschappen ............................................................................. 42
a. 1 Interdisciplinair en complex causaliteitsbeginsel .............................................................. 42
a. 2 Einde van dichotomisch denken ...................................................................................... 43
a. 3 Concept de départ i.p.v. concept de terminus ................................................................... 45
5. Zelfkritiek & reflectie .......................................................................................................... 49
7. Massamedia, manipulatie & cultuurindustrie...................................................... 50
a) Bredere context ................................................................................................................. 50
a) Walter Benjamin: The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction ............................. 51
Reproductie & authenticiteit .................................................................................................. 51
Verlies van het “aura” ............................................................................................................ 52
“Cult value” vs. “exhibition value” ........................................................................................... 52
Democratiserend gevolg ........................................................................................................ 53
b) Max Horkheimer & Theodor Adorno: The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception 56
b) Paradox/dialectiek van de Verlichting ............................................................................. 56
c) Cultuurindustrie & kapitalistische dominantie ................................................................ 57
d) Massamedia als controlemechanisme (reecouter ) ......................................................... 58
e) De illusie van keuze & pseudo-individualiteit................................................................... 60
f) Horkheimer & Adorno… en Netflix .................................................................................. 63
8. Media en technologisch determinisme ............................................................... 64
a) Bredere context ................................................................................................................. 64
b) Marshall McLuhan : medium is the message .................................................................... 64
c) De media als verlengde van de mens .................................................................................. 65
d) Inhoud medium = ander medium ....................................................................................... 66
e) Mediawijsheid ................................................................................................................... 67
f) McLuhan… sociale media en aandacht............................................................................... 68
Raymond Williams: The Technology and the Society ................................................................ 69
g) Technologie en de samenleving .......................................................................................... 70
h) Een sociale geschiedenis van televisie................................................................................ 71
i) Oorzaak en gevolg ............................................................................................................. 72
9 Media en de publieke sfeer ................................................................................ 73
a) Korte geschiedenis ............................................................................................................ 74
b) Ontstaan “publieke sfeer”.................................................................................................. 75
c) Transformatie “publieke sfeer” ........................................................................................... 78
d) De natie als “verbeelde gemeenschap” .............................................................................. 81
e) Printkapitalisme & nationale identiteit ................................................................................ 84
10. Het actieve publiek en betekenisgeving in/via media ............................................. 86
a) Korte geschiedenis ............................................................................................................ 86
b) Stuart Hall (encoding -decoding) ........................................................................................ 87
Nieuw communicatiemodel: kritiek op… ................................................................................. 87
Relatieve autonomie .............................................................................................................. 89
2
, Nieuw communicatiemodel: 4 fases ....................................................................................... 90
(Gebrek aan) equivalentie( ..................................................................................................... 91
Decoderingsposities .............................................................................................................. 93
Stuart Hall en… het framen van migratie ................................................................................. 94
Stuart Hall en… filmanalyses.................................................................................................. 94
c) Ien Ang (Dallas and the ideology of mass culture) ................................................................ 94
Dallas (1978-1991) ................................................................................................................ 94
“Ideologie van massacultuur” ................................................................................................ 95
Verbeelding & plezier ............................................................................................................. 96
Denotatie vs. Connotatie ....................................................................................................... 96
“Emotional realism” .............................................................................................................. 97
“Tragic structure of feeling” .................................................................................................... 98
“Melodramatic imagination”… ................................................................................................ 99
… versus “ironic pleasure” ................................................................................................... 100
11. Media en de constructie van smaak en sociale identiteiten .................................. 100
Erving Goffman: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life ..................................................... 101
a) Dramaturgische metafoor ................................................................................................ 102
b) Impression management ................................................................................. 104
c) Gedeelde definitie ........................................................................................................... 106
d) Niet in lijn met de gedeelde definitie ................................................................................. 107
e) Goffman en… LinkedIn .................................................................................................... 109
f) Goffman en… apology videos ........................................................................................... 109
Pierre Bourdieu: Distinction .................................................................................... 109
a) Habitus .......................................................................................................................... 110
b) Velden ............................................................................................................................ 111
c) Kapitaal .......................................................................................................................... 113
d) Sociale ongelijkheid: doxa, symbolisch geweld ( !!!) ........................................................... 115
e) Sociale ongelijkheid: smaak ............................................................................................. 116
3
, 1. Verlichting, humanisme & postmoderniteit
a) Moderniteit: als historische fase
Moderniteit → historische fase
• Historische periode:
17e E (Europees
verlichtingsdenken) tot 1980s
• Centrale kenmerken
• Belang van rede/ratio (<-> geloof): Wat is belangrijk rede kwam in de
plaats van het geloof
• Maakbaarheid van de maatschappij
• Humanisme: vrijheid, gelijkheid, broederschap
• Wereldbeeld verklaard door wetenschap: Met komst van verlichting was
wetenschap belangrijker ( symbool: je pense donc je suis) symbool van de
verlichting
• Decartre: natuurwetenschappelijke gaan ontwikkelen
• God bepaalt niet alles, maar we kunnen tijdens ons leven al verandering in
brengen.
Liberté/ egalité/ fraternite→ daar moeten we naar streven
• Samenkomst van verschillende
sociologische processen: Moderniteit gekenmerkt door sociologische
processen
• Secularisering
• Einde dominantie religieuze autoriteit: Secularisering: macht geloof w
vervangen door denken kenmerkend Nitje: “ god is dood” ( kenmerkend
voor moderniteit.
• Geloof werd (langzaamaan) vervangen door
rationeel wetenschappelijk denken
• Rationalisering
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