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samenvatting communicatie wetenschappen II
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samenvatting communicatie wetenschappen II Les notities aangevuld met de slides . Prof. Eduard Cuelenaere
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Comunicatie wetenschappen IILes notities
Table des matières
Les notities ......................................................................................................... 1
Table des matières .............................................................................................. 1
1. Verlichting, humanisme & postmoderniteit ........................................................... 4
a) Moderniteit: als historische fase ...........................................................................................4
b) Moderniteit: cognitief denkkader ..........................................................................................6
c) Moderniteit: artistieke stroming ............................................................................................6
d) Kritische stemmen in/over moderniteit .................................................................................7
e) Postmoderniteit: cognitief denkkader ( als een objectieve absolute waarheid) ........................8
f) Lyotard: deconstructivistisch postmodernisme .....................................................................9
g) Jameson: pessimistisch t.a.v. postmoderniteit (1)................................................................ 10
h) Parodie en pastisch ........................................................................................................... 11
i) Baudrillard: pessimistisch t.a.v. postmoderniteit (2) ............................................................ 11
j) Hutcheon: productief postmodernisme .............................................................................. 12
k) Postmoderniteit: artistieke stroming ................................................................................... 13
l) Recap ............................................................................................................................... 13
2. Evolutie in onderzoeksvragen en groeiende institutionalisering ............................ 14
a) Communicatiewetenschappen .......................................................................................... 14
b) Kritieken op eigenheid ....................................................................................................... 15
1. Ontwikkelingen in andere disciplines ............................................................................. 15
2. Technologische ontwikkelingen ...................................................................................... 15
3. Ethische kwesties ......................................................................................................... 16
3. Evolutie van onderzoeksvragen (Conjuncturen, paradigma’s, en andere
machtsstrijden) ........................................................................................................... 17
a) 1. Mens- en maatschappijbeeld (paradigma) ....................................................................... 17
b) 2. Financiële bepalingen .................................................................................................... 21
c) 3. Evolutie machtsstrijd andere wetenschappen ................................................................. 22
4. Theorie(-vorming) ..................................................................................................... 28
a) Durf te denken .................................................................................................................. 28
b) Alledaags theoriegebruik ................................................................................................... 30
c) Een poging tot definiëring................................................................................................... 31
d) Academische theorie ........................................................................................................ 33
e) Toepassing: ELM-model ..................................................................................................... 35
f) Doel academische theorie ................................................................................................. 36
5. Theorieën gecontextualiseerd............................................................................ 37
a) Onderliggende assumpties ................................................................................................ 37
a. 1 Ontologische assumptie(s) ............................................................................................. 38
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,a. 2 Epistemologische assumptie(s) ...................................................................................... 38
a. 3 Methodologische assumptie(s) ........................................................................................ 38
a. 4 Praxeologische assumptie(s) ........................................................................................... 39
a. 5 Axiologische assumptie(s) ............................................................................................... 39
b) Theorie in context .............................................................................................................. 40
c) Academisch lezen ............................................................................................................. 40
6. Heuristiek van de complexiteit .......................................................................... 41
a) Pleidooi binnen sociale wetenschappen ............................................................................. 41
a. 1 Interdisciplinair en complex causaliteitsbeginsel .............................................................. 41
a. 2 Einde van dichotomisch denken ...................................................................................... 42
a. 3 Concept de départ i.p.v. concept de terminus ................................................................... 44
5. Zelfkritiek & reflectie .......................................................................................................... 48
7. Massamedia, manipulatie & cultuurindustrie...................................................... 49
a) Bredere context ................................................................................................................. 49
a) Walter Benjamin: The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction ............................. 50
Reproductie & authenticiteit ............................................................................................................... 50
Verlies van het “aura” ......................................................................................................................... 51
“Cult value” vs. “exhibition value” ....................................................................................................... 52
Democratiserend gevolg ..................................................................................................................... 53
b) Max Horkheimer & Theodor Adorno: The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception 55
b) Paradox/dialectiek van de Verlichting ............................................................................. 55
c) Cultuurindustrie & kapitalistische dominantie ................................................................ 56
d) Massamedia als controlemechanisme (reecouter ) ......................................................... 57
e) De illusie van keuze & pseudo-individualiteit................................................................... 60
f) Horkheimer & Adorno… en Netflix .................................................................................. 63
8. Media en technologisch determinisme ............................................................... 63
a) Bredere context ................................................................................................................. 63
b) Marshall McLuhan : medium is the message .................................................................... 64
c) De media als verlengde van de mens .................................................................................. 65
d) Inhoud medium = ander medium ....................................................................................... 66
e) Mediawijsheid ................................................................................................................... 67
f) McLuhan… sociale media en aandacht............................................................................... 67
Raymond Williams: The Technology and the Society ........................................................................ 68
g) Technologie en de samenleving .......................................................................................... 69
h) Een sociale geschiedenis van televisie................................................................................ 70
i) Oorzaak en gevolg ............................................................................................................. 71
9 Media en de publieke sfeer ................................................................................ 73
a) Korte geschiedenis ............................................................................................................ 74
b) Ontstaan “publieke sfeer”.................................................................................................. 75
c) Transformatie “publieke sfeer” ........................................................................................... 77
d) De natie als “verbeelde gemeenschap” .............................................................................. 81
e) Printkapitalisme & nationale identiteit ................................................................................ 83
10. Het actieve publiek en betekenisgeving in/via media................................................. 85
a) Korte geschiedenis ............................................................................................................ 85
b) Stuart Hall (encoding -decoding) ........................................................................................ 86
Nieuw communicatiemodel: kritiek op… ............................................................................................. 87
Relatieve autonomie .......................................................................................................................... 88
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,Nieuw communicatiemodel: 4 fases ................................................................................................... 89
(Gebrek aan) equivalentie( .................................................................................................................. 91
Decoderingsposities .......................................................................................................................... 92
Stuart Hall en… het framen van migratie .............................................................................................. 93
Stuart Hall en… filmanalyses .............................................................................................................. 94
c) Ien Ang (Dallas and the ideology of mass culture) ................................................................ 94
Dallas (1978-1991) ............................................................................................................................. 94
“Ideologie van massacultuur”............................................................................................................. 95
Verbeelding & plezier.......................................................................................................................... 95
Denotatie vs. Connotatie .................................................................................................................... 96
“Emotional realism” ........................................................................................................................... 97
“Tragic structure of feeling” ................................................................................................................ 98
“Melodramatic imagination”… ............................................................................................................ 99
… versus “ironic pleasure” .................................................................................................................. 99
3
, 1. Verlichting, humanisme & postmoderniteit
a) Moderniteit: als historische fase
Moderniteit → historische fase
• Historische periode:
17e E (Europees
verlichtingsdenken) tot 1980s
• Centrale kenmerken
• Belang van rede/ratio (<-> geloof): Wat is belangrijk rede kwam in de
plaats van het geloof
• Maakbaarheid van de maatschappij
• Humanisme: vrijheid, gelijkheid, broederschap
• Wereldbeeld verklaard door wetenschap: Met komst van verlichting was
wetenschap belangrijker ( symbool: je pense donc je suis) symbool van de
verlichting
• Decartre: natuurwetenschappelijke gaan ontwikkelen
• God bepaalt niet alles, maar we kunnen tijdens ons leven al verandering in
brengen.
Liberté/ egalité/ fraternite→ daar moeten we naar streven
• Samenkomst van verschillende
sociologische processen: Moderniteit gekenmerkt door sociologische
processen
• Secularisering
• Einde dominantie religieuze autoriteit: Secularisering: macht geloof w
vervangen door denken kenmerkend Nitje: “ god is dood” ( kenmerkend
voor moderniteit.
• Geloof werd (langzaamaan) vervangen door
rationeel wetenschappelijk denken
• Rationalisering
• Efficiëntie, voorspelbaarheid, controle over
proces, “meten is weten”, …
• alles moest efficienter verlopen
• bv. Fordisme
• Kapitalisme
• Winstmaximalisatie en idee van vrije markt
• Industrialisering
• Machines om mens en dier te vervangen
• Technologische ontwikkelingen: ontginnen fossiele
brandstoffen, staalproductie en –bewerking, …
• Economie draait om veel meer dan enkel landbouw
• Komst van staal→ komst van steden
• Urbanisering
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