Paediatric Conditions - NOTCE Study notes
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gaq0q1
1. What are the three subsystems of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD)?: 1) Attention deficit only
2) Hyperactive only
3) Combined
2. How is ADHD diagnosed?: Onset prior to 7 years, duration of at least 6 months,
pattern of behaviour excessive for age and intelligence
3. Epidemiology of ADHD: - up to 10% of greater population
- more boys than girls
- associated with other psychiatric disorders and learning difficulties
- continued symptoms into adolescence and adulthood
4. Possible etiologies of ADHD: 1) Neuortransmitter abnormalities decreasing the
activation/stimulation in upper brainstem and frontal lobes
2) delayed/abnormal maturation of frontal lobes
3) complications during pregnancy - toxins, post maturity, long labour, lead poisoning
5. Theories regarding areas of deficit leading to behavioural patterns in ADHD-
: 1) A lack of investment, organizaiton, maintenance of attention/effort in completing
tasks
2) an inability to inhibit impulsive action, linked with working memory, self-regulation,
internalization of speech, reconstitution of verbal/non-verbal behaviours
3) a lack of modulation of arousal levels to meet demands of situation
4) unusually strong inclination to seek immediate reinforcement
6. common presenting behaviours of ADHD: - restlessness
- impulsive speech
- difficulties following direaction
- difficulty organizing
- decreased attention span at work/play
- forgetfulness
- variability of symptoms is common where there is a decrease of symptoms in highly
engaging activity
7. behaviours of ADHD observed at school: - frequently off task
- writtent work is careless, messy
- disruptive (fidgeting, making noises, talking)
- decreased completion of work
- poor achievement for intelligence
- inability to stay seated
8. Do symptoms of ADHD continue into adolescents?: - changes may occur,
may improve or remit
- 50-80% continue to show symptoms
, Paediatric Conditions - NOTCE Study notes
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gaq0q1
9. associated features of ADHD: - low self-esteem
- demoralization
- lack of ability to tak responsibility
- increased risk of depression, anxiety, suicide
- increased risk of dropping out o fhigh school
10. OT assessment for children with ADHD: - general occupational profile to
determine ability to perform in everyday activities, school performance, play, mean-
ingful activities
- look at closer components: sensory integration, visual-perceptual skills, motor
performance, behaviour and social skills
11. What component areas might an OT look into for assessing someone with
ADHD?: - sensory integration
- visual-perceptual skills
- motor performance
- behaviour and social skills
12. What possible tools could be used as an OT assessment for someone with
ADHD?: - sensory profile
- sensory integration and praxis tool
- bruinicks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency OR movement ABC
- visual motor integration
developmental test of visual motor systems
- behavioural assessment system of children
- social skills rating system
13. What theories might OT interventions for individuals with ADHD be based
on?: Theories from:
- sensory processing
- motor learning and skill acquisition
- rehabilitative
- CBT
- psychosocial
14. What type of OT role is often required to develop environmental/curriculum
modifications for a child with ADHD?: consultative role
15. What is important during OT intervention for individuals with ADHD to en-
sure consistency and enhance generalization?: all interventions closely involve
parents and teachers
16. OT interventions for younger children with ADHD: - sensory processing
- play
- motor abilities
- self-help skills
, Paediatric Conditions - NOTCE Study notes
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gaq0q1
17. OT interventions for elementary-aged childre with ADHD: - visual perceptual
- handwriting
- school related tasks
- communication/ interaction skills
- compensation/ remediation of sensory processing
18. OT interventions for older children with ADHD: - vocational skills
- study skills
- community living
- transition planning
- communication/ interaction skills
19. What are some examples of OT interventions addressing environmental
modifications for children with ADHD?: - seat cushion
- preferential seating
- decrease visually distracting stimuli
- quiet space
- classroom structure/routine explicitly communicated
- boundaries marked by carpet squares or taped areas of floor
20. What are some examples of OT interventions addressing the occupation
for children with ADHD?: - assignments broken down in to well-defined steps
- schedule of fine and gross motor activities
- keyboard skills and oral communication if handwriting difficulties
- improve routines with charts, checklists, audiotapes
21. What are some examples of OT interventions addressing the person for
children with ADHD?: - sensory diet - identify sensations that excite/calm child
- alert program: to enhance awareness of arousal level and how to make sensory
diet choices to modify arousal level to "just right" level for optimal success
22. What is autism spectrum disorder?: It is a neurological disorder classified in
the DSM-IV as a subcategory of the pervasive developmental disorders
23. what are the major features of autism and are often referred to as the triad
of primary difficulties?: 1) Qualitative impairments in social interactions
2) qualitative impairments in communication
3) restrictive, repetitive, stereotyped behaviour, interests or activities
24. What are some examples of qualitative impairments in social interactions
found in ASD?: - poor eye contact
- lack of social smile
- aversion to physical contact
- apparent preference for being alone
25. What are some examples of qualitative impairments in communication
found in ASD?: - lack of speech (mute)
, Paediatric Conditions - NOTCE Study notes
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gaq0q1
- echolalic speech
- lack of inflection and emotion
26. What are some examples of restrictive, repetitive, stereotyped behaviour,
interests or activities found in ASD?: - intolerance of change in routines
- resistance to change
- perseveration
- lack of imaginitive play
- deviant motor patterns (hand flapping, rocking)
27. true or false: mental retardation and seizure disorders are associated with
ASD?: true
28. how is a child diagnosed with ASD?: - they must have all three major features
present
- at least 3 years of age
29. When will a doctor give the label PDD not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)?-
: When a child has some of the defining characteristics of autism but not enough, or
symtpoms do not have the intensity of characeristic autism
- may also be used for children under the age of 3
30. true or false: the label PDD-NOS can be used to secure services: false, it
may not be as powerful in securing services as a label of ASD
31. What are some other pervasive developmental disorders?: - Rett's Disorder
- Heller's Syndrome
- PDD-NOS
- Asperger Disorder
32. How is Asperger Disorder differentiated from ASD?: - in the areas of intelli-
gence and communication
- AD is characterized by no general delay in spoken language but deficits in pragmat-
ics, no general delay in cognitivie or adaptive skills, sustained social impairments but
not withdrawal, impairments in non-verbal communication, motor clumsiness and
unusual, restrictive behaviour/activities/interests
33. true or false: Asperger Disorder is aka "higher functioning autism": true
34. Assessment areas for ASD: - sensory integration
- visual perceptual skills
- gross motor coordination
- visual motor skills
- fine motor skills
- basic concepts
- social interaction and communication
- play skills
