Summary
Samenvatting - Sterkteleer
- Course
- Institution
In dit document bevinden zich alle lessen van sterkteleer op chronologische volgorde in de vorm van een samenvatting. Deze lessen werden gegeven door filip van de voorde.
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STERKTELEER,INHOUD
1. inleiding ................................................................................................................................................. 4
basiseisen constructie: sterkte/ stijfheid/ stabiliteit .................................................................................... 4
ordening in het ontwerp ............................................................................................................................. 4
Intermezzo: doorbuiging (zie later) ............................................................................................................ 5
belastingen en veiligheidsfactoren ............................................................................................................. 6
mobiel gewicht ........................................................................................................................................... 7
1. Gebruiksbelasting............................................................................................................................... 7
2. windlast: algemene formule ............................................................................................................... 7
2. sneeuwbelasting ............................................................................................................................ 7
4. wateraccumulatie ............................................................................................................................... 8
5. hydrostatische waterdruk ................................................................................................................... 8
6. grondruk ............................................................................................................................................. 8
7. temperatuursverschillen ..................................................................................................................... 9
8. trillingen .............................................................................................................................................. 9
veiligheidsfactoren/ belastingen ................................................................................................................. 9
iso- en hyperstatisch/ opleggingen .......................................................................................................... 10
Isostatisch vs hyperstatische balken hypostatisch is niet in evenwicht ................................................... 13
3. normaalspanningen en schuifspanningen ...................................................................................... 15
uitwendig evenwicht ................................................................................................................................. 15
Inwendige spanningen ............................................................................................................................. 16
snedekrachten ............................................................................................................................................. 17
enkelvoudige druk of trek ......................................................................................................................... 17
Enkelvoudige buiging ............................................................................................................................... 18
Enkelvoudige afschuiving ........................................................................................................................ 18
dwarskracht .......................................................................................................................................... 18
langskracht ........................................................................................................................................... 19
enkelvoudige torsie of wringing ............................................................................................................... 19
Additiewet .................................................................................................................................................... 19
Globaal evenwicht .................................................................................................................................... 20
oefeningen ................................................................................................................................................... 20
4. materiaalkarakteristieken/ belastingen ............................................................................................ 20
Spanning – rek -diagram.......................................................................................................................... 20
Wet van Hooke, coeff. Van Poisson ........................................................................................................ 22
Lange duur-effecten ................................................................................................................................. 23
, kruip ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
relaxatie ................................................................................................................................................ 23
Invloed van temperatuur....................................................................................................................... 23
brandweerstand .................................................................................................................................... 23
5. enkelvoudige trek en druk .................................................................................................................... 24
Samengestelde doorsnede ...................................................................................................................... 25
M- en V-lijnen ........................................................................................................................................... 26
6. enkelvoudige buiging............................................................................................................................ 27
zwaartepunt van een oppervlak ............................................................................................................... 27
spanning en doorbuiging bij een ligger op 2 steunpunten ....................................................................... 30
7. Case study Centre Pompidou (Paris) ................................................................................................... 31
8. samengestelde buiging (M+V+N) ............................................................................................................ 31
Voorgespannen beton .............................................................................................................................. 32
9. Hout ......................................................................................................................................................... 32
10. Staal....................................................................................................................................................... 33
MIG lassen of halfautomaat ..................................................................................................................... 33
Materiaalkarakteristieken (elastisch) ....................................................................................................... 33
11. Beton ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
Materiaalkarakteristieken ......................................................................................................................... 35
OEFENINGEN ......................................................................................................................................... 35
12. dwarse (horizontale) stabiliteit ............................................................................................................... 36
horizontale krachten ................................................................................................................................. 36
Hoogbouw ................................................................................................................................................ 39
Structuurconcepten hoogbouw ................................................................................................................ 39
13. Herhaling ............................................................................................................................................... 41
, 1. INLEIDING
o Formularium voor examen (geen formules van buiten kennen)
BASISEISEN CONSTRUCTIE: STERKTE/ STIJFHEID/ STABILITEIT
o Vitruvius
o Functionele en structurele logica zorgen voor de schoonheid van een gebouw
o Draagstructuur
Om krachten op te nemen is een draagstructuur nodig
− Gebouwen
− Bruggen, tunnels, wegen
− Meubels
− Auto’s
− Huishoudapparaten
− Mensen, planten, dieren
Draagstructuur kan het hele object zijn, of een deel
− Hele object
− Structuur binnen: skelet
− Structuur buiten: exoskelet
ORDENING IN HET ONTWERP
o Coördinaten (3D)
o Vastleggen ten opzichte van referentie (nulpunt) + schaal
= alle lengtes, breedtes en andere afmetingen liggen ondubbelzinnig vast
(deze dia niet belangrijk)
o Definities
Assenstelsel! = stelsel van (drie) assen die elkaar snijden
− ieder punt kan ruimtelijk vastgelegd worden op basis van
coördinaten tov de oorsprong (kan ook radiaal)
˂ makkelijker tijdens ontwerp MAAR ook tijdens bouw!
grid of rooster = stelsel van lijnen dat de positie van de elementen
stramien = regelmatig patroon van herhalende lijnen op een vaste afstand (ritme)
o regelmaat en herhaling inbouwen:
bouwbaarheid verhogen
functionaliteit verhogen
vlotte communicatie
economisch
ritmiek -> schoonheid
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