Summary Comprehensive overview collective violence readings: important arguments and theories
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Course
Collective violence (8910V002)
Institution
Universiteit Leiden (UL)
This is a very short version of the notes of the readings Uploaded. This is a very good overview of each of the scholars: what is their view and what are their arguments. This overview is very easy to study from, but for extra information and explanation it is nice to have my other summary next to ...
Lecture 1 Welcome and intro
Belavadi Terms
-Social identity theory: part of self-esteem is derived from group membership
-Dehumanization: viewing out-group members as less then human
-Collective victimhood: groups perceive themselves as victims of injustice
Mechanism leading to violence
-Us vs. them mentality
-Leadership and mobilization: charismatic mobilize members for cv. Rhetoric use
-Identity Uncertainty: when uncertain about identity search for clarity with groups
Zahn Mechanism leading to violence
-Uncertainty reduction: groups provide stability and clarity, reducing anxiety/confusion
-Self enhancement: violence used to elevate status and pride of group
-Dehumanization and collective victimhood
-Role leaders and narratives: shaping narratives and perceptions
Slides Lynching: killing someone without legal trial
-instrumental violence: goal oriented
-symbolic violence: violence is goal itself, meant to make point
-criminology: deviant behaviour(stages). Sociology: organisation. Psych: interaction and emotion
Lecture 2 Why join a violent group
Vecchio and Carson Terms
-Social learning theory: learning behaviour through interactions others and see consequences
-Differential reinforcement: behaviours influenced by rewards/punish that follow(status)
-Stages of membership: initiation, continuations, disengagement, qualitative insights
Research
-interviews with former gang members, their likes and dislikes
Kimmel -Aggrieved Entitlement: sense of injustice/victimhood. deserve goods that others are receiving.
-Radicalization: process where individs adopt extreme political or social views violence
-Frustration-Aggression theory: frustration can lead to aggression, when feeling powerless
Causes different perspectives
-Political economic: globalization or social disintegration individs feeling discontent, lost
-Relative deprivation: feeling deprived compared to others resentment and anger
-Cultural/familial: family structure, education, culture background join extremists
-Gender and masculinity: men feel masculinity threatened by societal changes seek purpose
-Social dynamics and recruitment: extremists group gives sense of belonging and purpose
-Immigrations and multiculturalism: fears of it. immigrants threat to culture/societal stability
Buford -Hooliganism and social identity: fans describe involvement as loyalty to firm
Motivation violence
-violence isn’t random, but ritualistic and symbolic
-affirm group solidarity, demonstrate power, humiliate rival groups. Rationalize violence as loyal
Hooliganism
-Dehumanization opponents, role alcohol
-Crowd psychology: losing sense individuality prone to impulsive/extreme actions
-Interaction law enforcement: police strategies can control but also provoke
Slides -Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: motivations for joining violent groups
-physiological, safety, belonging/love, esteem, cognitive, aesthetic, self-purpose, transcendence
Kruglanski significance quest
-need significance, satisfied by community, different values for groups, ways to feel significant
Orehek & Kruglanski belonging study
-Participants experiencing failure valued interdependence more than those experienced success
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