MNO3704 (Environmental Management) comprehensive summary and past examination question bank (Essay type questions). No other material required. Sufficient information to guarantee you a distinction
MNO 3704 comprehensive summary and Previous exam
question bank for exam preparation. No other material required
Created on: 4 April 2020
Textbook used: Environmental Management - a business management approach (smit
SJ) 1st edition
Contents:
Study unit 1 - Introduction to environmental management Pg 2
Study unit 2 - Natural, cultural and socioeconomic environments Pg 2
Study unit 3 - Sustainability and the triple bottom line Pg 6
Study unit 4 - The natural environment Pg 8
Study unit 5 - The history and importance of ISO 14000 Pg 10
Study unit 6 - Making sense of ISO 14000 Pg 10
Study unit 7 - The Environmental management system Pg 12
Study unit 8 - Pollution and waste management Pg 16
Study unit 9 - Impact of industry and agriculture on the environment Pg 19
Study unit 10 - Climate Change Pg 24
Study unit 11 - Environmental management; micro business environment Pg 26
Study unit 12 - Environmental management; market business environment Pg 28
Study unit 13 - Environmental management; macro business environment Pg 29
Study unit 14 - Environmental management ethics Pg 30
Study unit 15 - Applying environmental ethics to business policies Pg 31
Study unit 16 - Applying environmental ethics to lifestyle decisions Pg 32
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,Study unit 1 and 2:
Defining Environmental Management: P2
Environmental Management - The way in which businesses deal with environmental aspects
including element of the activities, products or services of an organisation that interacts with
raw materials or resources in the environment.
Natural World - The environment that comprises numerous natural sources that are available to
be used by the manufacturing industry as raw materials.
Environmental management system (EMS) - a structured management system that helps a
business organisation to achieve both its economic and its environmental goals.
Environmental management and business management P3
(differs in terms of functional focus)
• Business management - the orderly and organised utilisation of resources in providing
goods and services to customers with due consideration of the economic principle.
Involves planning, organising, leading and control (POLC -cycle)
• Environmental management focuses on ways to deal with environmental aspects in
order to prevent any adverse environmental impacts
Cross functional teams: P4
• Provides the best approach to effectively managing safety, health and the environment
(SHE) in the workplace
• Multi-disciplinary in nature (involves people from differing departments/functions)
Professions/disciplines that can be involved:
Line manager - Line managers are responsible for the effectiveness of organisational activities,
products and services.
Environmental manager - Environmental specialists contribute to the monitoring of
environmental issues in and around an organisation’s facilities.
Safety practitioner - Responsible for guarding the quality of safety programmes.
Occupational health expert – Plays an important role in monitoring the effects of the immediate
and remote environments on the health and well-being of organisational workers
Ergonomics expert - Focuses on the human - machine interface as well as the design of workplace
taking various elements into consideration such as illumination, ventilation and manual handling.
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,Engineer – Due to their knowledge and expertise, the input given by engineers can be of high
importance
Human resources manager – Important in the selection and placement of employees based on
their qualities and behaviour
Financial manager – Most efforts/decisions that arise from a CFT will have financial implications
and thus require the backing from a finance professional
Enterprise Safety Risk Manager - Focuses on the financial safety risk that an organisation incurs
in operating its basic business activities, products and services.
Maintenance department staff - Provides information on the performance of hardware and keeps
track of maintenance records
Training department staff – Responsible for developing the competency of other members
Fauna, flora and marine expert - Assist environmental managers to take ownership and
accountability of potential and actual environmental impacts on the environment
Water, air and soil expert – can assist organisations in implementing an EMS that will prevent or
minimise damage to such elements of human, plant and animal life.
Expert in the general psychological and social well-being of humans – Involves specialists in
human well-being who assist in the implementation of an EMS in such a way that it results in as
little harm to humans as possible.
Quality management - Refers to functions of inspection, quality control and quality assurance.
Within the context of participating in a CFT for the purpose of ensuring an acceptable quality of
environmental management.
special services – Refers to individuals who may be contracted to provide input due to their unique
traits/skills, eg Legal Professionals
Components of the environment: P11
The environment comprises three main components:
The natural environment - Natural environment means all living and non-living things occurring
naturally – no human activity/interference has occurred.
The built environment (man-made) - comprises two distinguishable groups of things, namely
things that are made by people and things that are not made by people. The built environment
includes all structures, processes and practices humans create to advance their quality of life
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, The social environment – Consists of socio-cultural structures and processes and is created by the
human element forming an important part of the organisations environment. All the needs of
human parties who may have interests or could be affected by any part of an environmental
programme must be considered
Safety hazard - Any substance that has the potential to pose harm or damage to something or
someone else
Sustainable development – development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
* NEMA depicts the environment as the total surroundings within which the human race exists.
Such surroundings are made up of all physical structures and infrastructure, all forms of life and
processes of ecological existence, plus the total sphere of human social expression
Principles of environmental management and costs: P13
Specific principles guide and direct the development and implementation of an environmental
management programme. These include:
• Everybody has the right to an environment that is, in all respects, safe.
• Environmental conservation is the primary focus with an emphasis on the prevention of
pollution.
• Any organisation that implements an environmental management programme is held
responsible for all the effects of the programme for as long as the programme runs.
• The responsibilities for conservation differ between developed and developing countries.
Developed countries contribute more to degradation due to industrialisation.
• The main focus of all environmental management is to serve all humans equitably.
• The outcomes and developments of environmental management must be socially,
environmentally and economically sustainable
• Environmental education as well as the sharing of knowledge and experience must be used
to advance community well-being
• All decisions concerning environmental management must be open and transparent.
• An integrative approach should be recognized and implemented
• Environmental policies and legislation with regard to environmental management must
be co-ordinated via intergovernmental co-operation
Environmental costs:
These costs range from cleaning up land that has been contaminated to installing solar power to
supply energy to a business. There are four environmental costs:
Costs that are not directly or legally the responsibility of the business – Example, carbon dioxide
emissions from burning coal in a steam engine when delivering goods to industry.
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