Summary
Samenvatting lezen van geluid
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Samenvatting normale spraak- en taalontwikkeling deel spraak
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LEZEN VAN GELUID1 Fonatie................................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 Glottale cyclus............................................................................................................... 2
1.1.1 Wat is de glottale cyclus?........................................................................................2
1.1.2 Frequentie van de glottale cyclus............................................................................3
1.1.3 Intonantie en toonhoogte.........................................................................................3
1.2 toonhoogte en registers.................................................................................................4
2 Geluidsgolven in spraak.......................................................................................................5
2.1 wat zijn geluidsgolven?..................................................................................................5
2.2 Soorten spraaksignalen.................................................................................................5
2.3 Hoe geluid lezen?.......................................................................................................... 6
2.3.1 Via een oscillogram.................................................................................................6
2.3.2 Via een spectrum....................................................................................................6
2.3.3 Via spectrogram......................................................................................................7
3 Resonantie........................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Spectrale analayse........................................................................................................ 8
3.1.1 Doffe e (schwa).......................................................................................................8
3.1.2 Andere klinkers.....................................................................................................10
3.2 Klinkerdriehoek (Vowel space)....................................................................................11
4 Nasalen.............................................................................................................................. 11
5 Stemloze obstruenten........................................................................................................12
Pagina | 1
, 1 FONATIE
Fonatie: het proces waarbij luchtstroom in kleine pulsen wordt omgezet dr het openen en
sluiten vd stembanden
- Geen fonatie: bij in- en uitademen
- Wel fonatie: tijdens spraak/zang, wnr luchtstroom luchtdukvariaties veroorzaakt
gebeurt door het openen en sluiten van de stembanden.
Hoe verloopt dit proces precies?
1.1 GLOTTALE CYCLUS
1.1.1 WAT IS DE GLOTTALE CYCLUS?
Tijdens stemgeving proberen de stembandsluitende spieren de stembanden voortdurend
in de adductiestand te houden.
De ademhalingsspieren persen lucht tegen de stembanden, die naar sluiting neigen.
Dit resulteert in een snelle opeenvolging van openingen en sluitingen.
Mechanisme van de glottale cyclus
- Gebeurt door de aerodynamische theorie
1. Wet van Bernoulli:
Een luchtstroom veroorzaakt een zuigend effect op omliggende structuren
Wnr lucht nr buiten wordt geperst, openen de stembanden
De luchtstroom trekt de stembanden daarna weer terug nr de middenlijn
Dit proces herhaalt zich cyclus
2. De stembanden zelf veroorzaken niet actief iedere opening en sluiting proces is
grotendeels aerodynamisch
Pagina | 2
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