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Summary of thoeries’ views of crime
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This is an A level summary of theories’ views on crime
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, Introduction to crime and Deviance (booklet 1)DEVIANCE
Deviance is any behaviour that goes against norms of contemporary society;
it can be seen as immoral and illegal.
Crime is a serious form of deviance as it goes against what society most
values.
"Criminal activity is not
Absolute deviance are acts considered wrong in every culture. outside of society; rather
is part of society."
usually, deviance is relative and culturally determined.(e.g. views to -Emile Durkheim
homosexuality)
"deviance is non-conformity o a
NORMS given norm, r set of norms, which
are accepted by a significant
Sociologists identify three types of norms: number of people in a community or
1. Folkways- everyday norms which do it generate much protest when broken society. Deviance is culturally
defined, thus subject to change over
2. Mores- moral norms which can generate more outrage if broken and is viewed time"- Giddens
as a lapse of moral judgement
3. Laws- backed by formal sanctions
CRIME
Most sociologists focus on law when discussing crime- crime is an infringement of laws.
Crime can therefore be seen as more than deviance as breaking laws can lead to formal sanctions.
Types of crime:
1. Utilitarian- involves financial gain to equivalent
2. Non-utilitarian- not for financial gain
SOIAL CONTROL
Social control- regulating people's behaviours to ensure conformity.
1. Informal social control- enforced through society and are unwritten norms
2. Formal social control- can lead to formal sanctions and have specific rules
SANCTIONS
sanctions are societal/social responses ' to negative behaviour
1. Informal sanctions- given after breaking informal social control
2. Formal sanctions- given after formal social control is broken (e.g. criminal behaviour)
, -
zun
AO1 points for all questions
25% of prisoners had
left education by the age
of 14
↑
No Official stats- must look at Black people are 5x more likely to
education and FSM be arrested than white people
A
Social class Stop and Search
↑
+
targets ethnic
minorities
Ethnicity
Only 12% of prisoners had at
least 5 GCSEs
Patterns of crime Only 3% of the UK
population are black;
Booklet 2 yet 18% if stop and
j
search are black and
ONS: 5% of prison 13% of the prison
population are female population are black
Gender
T Age A average age
of prisoners is
30-39
ONS: 25%
prosecutions are female
ONS: 15% of
arrests are female
Males are more 14-25 is peak age
likely to offend for crime/delinquency
and be victims
&
I
Patterns of offending are Only 10% of youth offenders
similar to patterns of committed 'serious crimes'
victimisation
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