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, Science | Biochemistry I of V pages
1. Methotrexate
Folic acid analogue and competitive inhibitor of Dihydrofolate reductase. Inhibits reduction of dihydrofolate
2. Sulfanomides
PABA (p-aminobenzoate) analogue. Competitively inhibit the synthesis of folic acid in MICROORGANISMS
3. Trimethoprim
Inhibit dihydrofolate reductase thus preventing purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. SPECIFIC FOR
4. Aminopterin
Folic acid analogue and competitive inhibitor of Dihydrofolate reductase. Same as Methotrexate, except used
frequently. Folic acid analogues (in general) limit the amount of tetrahydrofolate available for use in purine
and, thus, slow down DNA replication in mammalian cells. Therefore, useful for treating rapidly growing
5. Mycophenolic acid
A reversible, uncompetitive inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Mechanism: Deprives rapidly
6. Colchicine
Microtubule inhibitor.Used for treatment of Gout. Does produce improvement but does not decrease serum
7. Allopurinol
A non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Causes excretion of hypoxanthine and xanthine (compounds
8. 5-Fluorouracil
Converted to 5 fluorodeoxyridylic acid (dFUMP). Inhibits thymidylate synthase, thus preventing synthesis of
MP (dTMP) from dUMP. Fluorine group on 5-fluorouracil is about the same size as a hydrogen atom, which
this drug a uracil analogue. Anti-cancer drug. In cancer cells, 5-fluorouracil is incorporated into RNA, which
11. Heparin
Activates antithrombin III and inactivates thrombin
12. Warfarin
oral anticoagulant
blocks epoxide reductase in liver and prevents the regeneration of the active form of Vitamin K.
Inhibits the synthesis of the mature Vitamin K dependent clotting factors.
Slower acting than heparin
13. Streptokinase
Thrombolytic agent
Plasminogen activator
Converts plasminogen to plasmin enabling the dissolution of clots
Biochemistry 2024/25 Edition
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