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Samenvatting I Ethiek
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EthiekInhoudsopgave
Praktisch........................................................................................................................................................ 1
DEEL 1. Ethiek................................................................................................................................................ 2
Hoofdstuk 1: Ethiek en moraliteit........................................................................................................................2
§1. Ethiek: van moraal tot praktische rede.....................................................................................................2
Inleiding.......................................................................................................................................................2
Moraal.........................................................................................................................................................2
Moraliteit....................................................................................................................................................2
Geweten, praktische rede, normativiteit...................................................................................................3
Emoties en praktische rede........................................................................................................................5
Normen & waarden....................................................................................................................................6
Deugden en het goede leven......................................................................................................................9
§2. Ethiek en moraalfilosofie...........................................................................................................................9
Inleiding.......................................................................................................................................................9
Meta-ethiek................................................................................................................................................9
Normatieve ethiek....................................................................................................................................10
Toegepaste ethiek.....................................................................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 2: Morele reflectie en moderne cultuur............................................................................................13
Inleiding:........................................................................................................................................................13
§1. Ethiek en cultuur van de Moderniteit.....................................................................................................13
Moreel verval?..........................................................................................................................................13
Legitimeringscrisis: symptomen...............................................................................................................14
Legitimeringscrisis: disjunctie feit/waarde...............................................................................................16
Moreel relativisme en objectivisme.........................................................................................................17
Contra moreel relativisme........................................................................................................................20
Religie en moraal......................................................................................................................................22
§2. Praktische rede en morele argumentatie................................................................................................24
Praktische rede: van instumenteel tot normatief (X)...............................................................................24
Morele ervaring: van visie tot rationele reflectie (X)................................................................................25
Morele codes en normatieve ethiek.........................................................................................................26
Een coherentie model van morele rechtvaardiging.................................................................................27
Morele sensibiliteit, verbeelding, argumentatie (X).................................................................................29
§3. Ethiek vandaag.........................................................................................................................................29
Hoofdstuk 3: Ethisch egoïsme en utilisme..........................................................................................................31
Inleiding:........................................................................................................................................................31
§1. Ethisch Egoïsme.......................................................................................................................................31
§2. Utilisme of utilitarisme............................................................................................................................31
Omschrijving.............................................................................................................................................31
Kenmerken vh utilisme.............................................................................................................................31
Bentham over geluk en nut......................................................................................................................32
John Stuart Mill over nut en geluk............................................................................................................36
Hoe meet je geluk?...................................................................................................................................39
§3. Kritische bedenkingen.............................................................................................................................41
Succes utilisme..........................................................................................................................................41
Kritiek en bedenkingen.............................................................................................................................41
Hoofdstuk 4: Kant en de Plichtsethiek...............................................................................................................45
Inleiding.........................................................................................................................................................45
§1. Kant over plicht en de morele wet..........................................................................................................45
Een copernicaanse omwenteling..............................................................................................................45
1
, Goede wil en plicht...................................................................................................................................46
Vrijheid en rationele autonomie...............................................................................................................48
De categorische imperatief (CI)................................................................................................................49
Geluk, menselijke waardigheid en het Hoogste Goed.............................................................................53
§2. Kritische evaluatie....................................................................................................................................54
Invloed van Kant en nawerking.................................................................................................................54
Kritiek........................................................................................................................................................55
Hoofdstuk 5: Deugdethiek..................................................................................................................................56
Inleiding.........................................................................................................................................................56
§1. Herwaardering vd deugdenethiek en kritiek...........................................................................................56
§2. Kleine historiek vd deugd........................................................................................................................59
Aristoteles.................................................................................................................................................59
Christelijke deugdethiek:..........................................................................................................................60
Deugdethiek in de Verlichting: David Hume.............................................................................................61
Hedendaagse deugdenethiek...................................................................................................................62
§3. Het goede leven.......................................................................................................................................62
Krachtlijnen v deugdethiek in de geest van Aristoteles...........................................................................62
Deugden die Aristoteles bespreekt..........................................................................................................64
Deugden in Christelijke traditie (Thomas van Aquino).............................................................................64
Deugden Vs Zonden (christelijke traditie)................................................................................................65
§4. Kritische evaluatie....................................................................................................................................65
Pro deugdenethiek....................................................................................................................................65
Contra deugdenethiek..............................................................................................................................66
Hoofdstuk 6: Recht en ethiek.............................................................................................................................68
Inleiding:........................................................................................................................................................68
§1. Verhouding Recht/Ethiek.........................................................................................................................68
Raakvlakken..............................................................................................................................................68
Verschilpunten recht/ethiek.....................................................................................................................69
Een interactionistisch model....................................................................................................................71
§2. De (post)moderne tendens tot juridisering van de ethiek......................................................................73
Crisis van de moderne ethiek...................................................................................................................73
Crisis van het ethische debat....................................................................................................................73
Smalle ethiek – juridisering.......................................................................................................................74
§3. De beroepsethiek van de jurist................................................................................................................75
DEEL 2. Recht en ethiek................................................................................................................................ 76
Hoofdstuk 7: Oorlog, terreur, mensenrechten...................................................................................................76
§1. Oorlog, terreur, mensenrechten.............................................................................................................76
Oorlog en terrorisme................................................................................................................................76
Geweld van de staat & terreur.................................................................................................................77
Terreur en globalisering............................................................................................................................77
§2. Terreur en ethiek.....................................................................................................................................78
Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................78
Legitimiteit van het terrorisme.................................................................................................................78
Legitieme strijd tegen het terrorisme.......................................................................................................79
§3. De rechtvaardige oorlog..........................................................................................................................81
‘Jus ad bellum’ en ‘jus in bello’.................................................................................................................81
Terrorisme & oorlogsrecht.......................................................................................................................81
Strijd tegen terrorisme & oorlogsrecht....................................................................................................82
Foltering: rechtmatig of onwaardig?........................................................................................................85
§4. Besluit......................................................................................................................................................86
Hoofdstuk 8: Dierenrechten (zin en onzin).........................................................................................................87
§1. Schets problematiek................................................................................................................................87
Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................87
Plicht en plicht is twee..............................................................................................................................87
2
, Het dierlijk/menselijk bewustzijn.............................................................................................................88
§2. Singer en ‘animal liberation’....................................................................................................................91
§3. Ethiek van de dierenrechten....................................................................................................................93
Tom Regan................................................................................................................................................93
Waarom hebben dieren rechten?............................................................................................................93
Kritiek op dierenrechten vertoog.............................................................................................................94
§4. De feministische dierenethiek.................................................................................................................94
Samengevat:.............................................................................................................................................94
Zorgethiek.................................................................................................................................................94
Redelijkheid en rationaliteit......................................................................................................................95
Raimond Gaita, De hond van de filosoof, Ambo, 2003............................................................................96
§5. Besluit......................................................................................................................................................97
Hoofdstuk 9: Belastingen en ethiek (het probleem van internationale belastingen)........................................99
Inleiding.........................................................................................................................................................99
§1. Problematiek..........................................................................................................................................100
Multinationals en belastingontwijking...................................................................................................100
Legitimiteitscrisis....................................................................................................................................102
§2. Structurerende bepalingen: Soevereiniteit en het gedeelde goed.......................................................103
Inleiding...................................................................................................................................................103
Soevereiniteit..........................................................................................................................................104
Het gedeelde goed..................................................................................................................................104
§3. Rechtsfilosofische opmerkingen............................................................................................................105
Rechtspositivisme...................................................................................................................................105
Natuurrecht?...........................................................................................................................................108
Hoofdstuk 10: Menselijke waardigheid en zorg om het levenseinde..............................................................109
Inleiding.......................................................................................................................................................109
§1. Euthanasie en levenseindezorg.............................................................................................................109
§2. De Belgische Wet op euthanasie...........................................................................................................111
§3. Ethische standpunten rond euthanasie.................................................................................................115
§4. Het onderscheid tss ‘doden’ en ‘laten sterven’.....................................................................................117
§5. Transformatie relatie arts-patiënt.........................................................................................................118
Besluit..........................................................................................................................................................119
Gastcollege door meester Fernand Keuleneer............................................................................................ 121
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................................121
Deel 1: Begrippen.............................................................................................................................................121
1) Rechtsstaat..............................................................................................................................................121
2) Staat = politieke eenheid.........................................................................................................................121
3) Politiek.....................................................................................................................................................122
4) Grondwet.................................................................................................................................................122
5) Rechterlijke macht...................................................................................................................................123
Deel 2: Huidige evolutie en problematiek........................................................................................................124
1) Legitimiteitscrisis.....................................................................................................................................124
2) Drijfveren achter deze evolutie...............................................................................................................124
Conclusie......................................................................................................................................................126
Opmerking n.a.v. een vraag door de prof...................................................................................................126
3
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