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Summary for HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY PART 2 taught by von Leupoldt at KUL $5.62
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  7. Health Psychology Part 2 (POP94A)

Summary

Summary for HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY PART 2 taught by von Leupoldt at KUL
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  • Course
  • Health Psychology Part 2 (POP94A)
  • Institution
  • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)

This document contains a summary of the slides and the self-study chapter of the health psychology part 2 course taught by professor von Leupoldt in the first master's degree in psychology at the KUL.

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Document information

  • December 17, 2024
  • 109
  • 2024/2025
  • Summary

Subjects

  • homeostatic regulation
  • stress response
  • endocrine stress response
  • psychoneuroimmunology
  • asthma
  • modulation of pain
  • copd
  • positive psychology
  • dyspnea
  • physical activity
  • gastrointestinal disorders

Written for

  • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)
  • Psychologie
  • Health Psychology Part 2 (POP94A)
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Homeostatic regulation

Homeostatic regulation

● Homeostatic regulation
= organism’s ability to keep its internal environment stable despite changes in the external
environment
→ temperature, blood pH, oxygen pressure, blood glucose, …

● Central nervous system
= interface for interaction with external environment

● Stress is a threat to homeostasis
→ stressor: physical or psychological
→ compensatory stress response

● Physical vs. psychological stress:




● Feedback control for temperature:




● Feedback control for blood pressure:




1

,● Feedback control for blood pH levels (arterial carbon dioxide pressure, PaCO2):




● Feedforward control
→ perturbations are being anticipated and corrected before they occur
→ classical conditioning as a viable mechanism
→ ex.: exercise hyperpnea
→ increases in ventilation and heart rate occur at the onset of physical exercise even before an
increase in PaCO2

● A hierarchy of homeostatic controls:




● Intrinsic control mechanisms (organ level):
organ adapts its functioning on its own in response to slow local changes
→ only possible when conditions are relatively stable
→ ex.: Frank Starling mechanisms:




2

,Autonomic nervous system

● Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
→ viscera: limited awareness and voluntary control
→ negative feedback
→ parts: 1. sensory pathways (afferent)
2. motor pathways (efferent)
→ divisions: 1. sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
2. parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
→ reciprocal regulation of organic function

●




● Each division has sensory pathways from organs via ganglia to brainstem (afferent)

● Response component of each division (efferent):
1. descending autonomic and pre-ganglionic fibers
→ hypothalamus or brain stem → intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord
2. ganglion
→ relay station for ascending and descending signals
→ part of local regulation system and reflexes
3. postganglionic fibers
→ more elaborated messages than in preganglionic fibers
4. neuroeffector junctions
→ postganglionic fiber
→ receptor at target tissue
→ nerve impulse → motor action



3

, ●




● Sympathetic nervous system
→ ratio of 1:10 pre- vs. postganglionic nerves
→ general broad influence on viscera
→ extensive linkages across widely distributed ganglia
→ closely integrated actions across different organs
→ neurotransmission
→ acetylcholine (preganglionic)
→ sympathetic preganglionic nerves release acetylcholine at adrenal medulla
→ release of catecholamines (nor- and epinephrine) into blood
→ sympathetic nerves release acetylcholine at sweat glands
→ norepinephrine (postganglionic):
smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscles and pace maker
→ activating function
→ more active during stress
→ crucial for fight/flight response

● Parasympathetic nervous system
→ ganglia more specific and nearer to target organ
→ ratio of 1:3 pre- vs. postganglionic nerves
→ localized specific actions directed at one organ
→ neurotransmission
→ acetylcholine (preganglionic)
→ acetylcholine (postganglionic):
smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle and pace maker
→ inhibitory influence

4

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