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Psychology 367 Perception Midterm 1 Exam Questions And Answers Latest Update
- Course
- Psyc 367
- Institution
- Metro State University
Psychology 367 Perception Midterm 1 Exam Questions And Answers Latest Update
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Psychology 367 Perception Midterm 1Exam 2024-2025 Questions And Answers
Latest Update
What is 'perception'? - Can be defined in terms of sensory processing, like
receptor activationand neural firing, or in terms of mental activity that mediates
between sensation and awareness, interpreting what our sense tell us
Sensation - Process of encoding energy or chemicals in the environemtn in terms
of neural signals, a basic experience elicited by a simple stimulus, more concerned
with your own physical experience (feeling warmth on your skin)
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,Perception - Organization and interpretation of neural signals, making them
meaningful, more complex concious experiences produced by integrating
sensations, more concerned with identifying the stimulus (you see a glowing red
stove, producing heat you can feel; you know how far away it is and it can burn
you)
Two reasons we study perception - 1: for understanding- to determine how
underlying mechanisms function (hearing, vision, etc.), first step in understanding
cognition (mind/body relationship), to know why the wold looks, sounds, feels,
tastes and smells
2: to solve practical problems- to produce substitutes for the world
(surround/stereo sound), to develop solutions for sensorily impaired (glasses,
brail), to produce substitutes for the observer (robots)
The central problem in perception - the world is 3-D, the image on our retinas are
2-D (bit of a curve but still 2-D), yet we think of the world in 3-D. This problem is
called underdetermination
Underdetermination - The idea that the contents of our empirical beliefs are not
fully determined by the evidence we have for them (the world being 3D, retina
sees in 2D, but we see the world in 3D)
Distal Stimulus - an object or event in the outside world- distance, out there, not
direct contact (an apple, a finger poking you)
Proximal stimulus - The pattern of energy or chemicals impinging on our receptors
(pattern of photos on your retina, kinetic energy on your skin)
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,What are the theoretical approaches to perception? - 1- structuralism
2- Gestalt psychology
3- constructivism
4- ecological approach
5- computational approach
6- neuropsychological approach
Structuralism - Very first approach, figure out the structure of conscious
awareness, what is on your mind. And the goals are to analyze conscious
processes into basic 'elements'; specify how elements become connected.
Wilhelm Wundt- first psychology lab
Edward Titchener - relied on introspection, analysis of ones own concious
experience
Perception is holisitc, not elemental
Gestalt psychology - Opposed structuralism, decomposition to elementary
components loses information. Was a holistic approach that emphasized
conciousness.
Goal was to specify the relationship among stimuli
Founded by Max Wertheimer
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, Constructivism - Perception is an active process, perceiving is an actiev process,
affected by our knowledge and experience, we must interpret ambiguous
information provided by the environment. ('devils trident')
Hermann Von Helmholtz
Irvin Rock
Richard Gergory
Ecological approach - We should study perception in natural settings, evolution,
we have the sensory abilities we have cause of evolution, enough information is
available in the environment to make mental calcualtions unnecessary (texture
gradients)
J.J Gibson - proposed information is directly picked up from the environment
Information processing has three levels of analysis (computational approach) - 1-
computational theory
2- representation and algorithm
3- hardware implementation
Computational Approach - Assumes the mind is an information processor that
recieves, stores, retrieves, transforms, and transmits information - inspiration is
that of a computer, that our mind is like a computer
*David Marr - defined vision mathematically, using computer simulations
Computational theory - Differences between mathematics and arithmetic, takes it
a step furture to define the mathematical tools.
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