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knowledge clips IR theories, Global challenges MPA IEG
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FIrst knowledge clips of IR theories for GCPP course 2024
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LiberalismPEACE PALACE = international system shouldn’t be anarchic
- Peace conference 19th ccentury
o Legality of war + internaitonal legal principle
o Attempt to establish internationl order based on international law + cooperation
o Idea = organizing world around int law and principles
§ Broke down w first and second world war
Embodiment of liberalism
- Set of expressions
- Openess in domains of politics-economics
- Peace palace build by Carengie
o Became rich by taking advantages of this era
Liberalism
Ø Set of ideas and theories that set in contrast w relaism
Ø World is not characterized by anarchy and conflcit as default position but rather a set of
tendnecies that make cooperation possible
o We can connect to more new liberal institutionalism
o Idea that
§ Rules can emerge
§ Theories that states are not only conflicutal but also drive them to cooperaiton
Classical thinkers
- Hobbes à realism
- Kant
o Envisioned expansion of republicanism would not lead to a situation of constant war
o But to state of perpetual peace
§ Hihglight dynamics that somehow lled liberal governments to peace rather than
war
§ One of the laws that has been considered ONLY law
• Democracies in general don’t fight wars between eachother
o Ex. great conflict in 20th century and recently involved
democracies and autocracies
o Democracies ar eunlikely to engage in war against eachother with
few small excpetions
o Against asusmptions of realist
§ Default state of IR system si distrust and conflcit
§ Identified tendies to opposite
- Montesquieu: Doux commerce
o Soft trade
o As economic relations betweene states develop, economically tied w eachother, it
beocomes less likelyt they go into war w eachother
o Itnerdependency
, o Trade à less war, fewer ones, rather than more as propost by relaists
-
What Is liberal paradigm? What are core foudnations?
Ø Shock and constract w Realist
Ø 1 asusmption : Cooperation can emerge between states
o Internaitonal regimes : UN, EU , IPC
Ø Anarchy and conflict are not necessarily are not the natural state of IR
o Kant and Montestqueu à there is a willingness of states to establish rules to constrian
liberty
§ Paris agreement + kyoto protocols à diminish carbon emissions + protect
environemt
Ø What do oyu need?
o Level of trust
o Need to believe that they will commit
§ Impossible in realist world -> distrust is at base
Ø Centrality of institutions
o Set of ofcus of studies IR
o “Systems of ruels that regulate behavior “
§ Allows to acocmodate vairous institutions
Ø Central actors are still states
o Still the actors that decide to engage in insittutions building
o This is what unites classic liberalism +realism despite di^erent conceptions
§ Unit of analysis sis th esame
Institutions
Ø Organizations exists, but why?
Ø 3 di^erent conceptions of instutions and structure expectations on how states would behave
o Transactional
§ View based on instititutions as solutions to collective action problems
• Perspective taken by rational choice theory
o Ex economists à consider them as tools that rational actors put in
place ot solve some specific collective action problems
§ Collectiv eaction problems= a specific goal is better
ensured through in
• International security
• Asylum policy + dublin agreemnt
• States come together and share burden
• It is not possible to submit asylum application in two
di^erent states ( if u rejected, you cannot apply in
another state)
§ Once an insittution no longer fulfill initial funciton, uqite
easy for it to unravel and be abandoned
• States are the actor to decide whether the institution
conitnue to exist or not
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