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Samenvatting Internationaal Privaatrecht (2024-25: volledig!)

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Internationaal Privaatrecht

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Universiteit Gent (UGent)

(Als je de samenvatting koopt dan kun je de volledige tekst & structuur zien (niet alleen de IHT) & dan nog steeds beslissen om niet te kopen :) (maar zou het wel doen ;)) --- BESCHRIJVING: Dit is een samenvatting van het vak Internationaal Privaatrecht, gedoceerd in de 1e Master Rechten. Mijn lesn...

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internationaal
privaatrechy
ipr
internationaal privaatrecht

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Universiteit Gent (UGent)
Education
Bachelor in de Rechten
Course
Internationaal Privaatrecht

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1. INLEIDING ..................................................................................................................................... 12

1.1 EXAMEN ................................................................................................................................... 12

1.2 IPR, WAAR DENKEN JULLIE AAN? ............................................................................................... 12

1.3 IPR: INTERNATIONAAL EN PRIVAAT ............................................................................................ 12

1.4 IPR: NATIONAAL RECHT ............................................................................................................ 13

1.5 LUIKEN VAN HET IPR ................................................................................................................. 13

1.5.1 INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID ....................................................................................... 13

1.5.2 TOEPASSELIJK RECHT ......................................................................................................... 14

1.5.3 ERKENNING EN UITVOERBAARHEID .................................................................................... 14

1.5.4 ADMINISTRATIEVE/GERECHTELIJKE SAMENWERKING.......................................................... 15

1.5.5 WERK- EN DENKMETHODE ................................................................................................. 15

2. BRONNEN VAN HET IPR .................................................................................................................. 16

2.1 BRONNEN VAN HET IPR ............................................................................................................ 16

2.1.1 WEG VINDEN IN DE BRONNEN ............................................................................................ 16

2.1.2 REGELGEVING: HIËRARCHIE .............................................................................................. 16

2.1.3 PRIMEERT VERDRAG OF EU-WETGEVING? ........................................................................... 17

2.2 EUROPESE BRONNEN ............................................................................................................... 17

2.2.1 EU-BEVOEGDHEDEN INZAKE IPR ........................................................................................ 17

2.2.2 EUROPEANISERING VAN HET IPR ........................................................................................ 20

INTERMEZZO: EIGEN STUDIEWERK ................................................................................................. 22

2.3 INTERNATIONALE BRONNEN..................................................................................................... 22

2.3.1 VELE INTERNATIONALE BRONNEN RELEVANT VOOR IPR ...................................................... 22

2.3.2 HET RECHT VAN DE MENSENRECHTEN ............................................................................... 22

2.3.3 MULTILATERALE IPR-VERDRAGEN (>2 LANDEN AANGESLOTEN) ..................................... 23

2.3.4 BILATERALE IPR-VERDRAGEN ............................................................................................. 23

2.3.5 IPR-BEPALINGEN IN ANDERE VERDRAGEN .......................................................................... 24

2.3.6 UNIFORM RECHT................................................................................................................ 24

2.3.7 SOFT LAW: DE 17 SDG’S ..................................................................................................... 24

2.4 NATIONALE BRONNEN .............................................................................................................. 25

2.4.1 BELGISCH WETBOEK INTERNATIONAAL PRIVAATRECHT ...................................................... 25

1

, 2.4.2 IPR IN BIJZONDERE/ANDERE WETTEN ................................................................................. 25

2.5 BRONNEN VAN HET IPR: EEN ILLUSTRATIE ALS CONCLUSIE ....................................................... 27

3. BEGRIPPEN IN HET IPR ................................................................................................................... 28

3.1 WOONPLAATS .......................................................................................................................... 28

3.2 GEWONE VERBLIJFPLAATS ........................................................................................................ 28

3.3 NATIONALITEIT ......................................................................................................................... 31

3.3.1 IPR & NATIONALITEITSWETGEVING ..................................................................................... 32

3.3.2 WAT IN GEVAL VAN DUBBELE NATIONALITEIT? .................................................................... 32

3.3.3 WAT IN GEVAL VAN STAATLOOSHEID? ................................................................................ 32

3.3.4 VERVANGEND PERSONEEL STATUUT VOOR STAATLOZEN .................................................... 32

3.3.5 GEEN ERKENNING ALS STAATLOZE: WELK PERSONEEL STATUUT? ....................................... 33

3.4 DOMICILE................................................................................................................................. 33

3.5 COMI ....................................................................................................................................... 33

4. INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID ................................................................................................... 35

4.1 INLEIDING ................................................................................................................................ 35

4.1.1 WAT? ................................................................................................................................. 35

4.1.2 MEERDERE RECHTERS BEVOEGD? ...................................................................................... 36

4.1.3 PARALLELLE PROCEDURES ................................................................................................ 36

4.1.4 FORUM NON CONVENIENS: ILLUSTRATIE............................................................................ 37

4.1.5 WAAR REGELS OVER INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID VINDEN? ........................................ 38

4.1.6 METHODE VOOR HET VINDEN VAN DE JUISTE BRON ............................................................ 38

4.1.7 TOEPASSINGSGEBIED VERORDENINGEN EN VERDRAGEN .................................................. 39

4.2 BRUSSEL IBIS ........................................................................................................................... 39

4.2.1 GEOGRAFISCH TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................ 39

4.2.2 MATERIEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ...................................................................................... 39

4.2.3 PERSONEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 41

4.2.4 TEMPOREEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 41

4.3 BRUSSEL IITER .......................................................................................................................... 42

4.3.1 GEOGRAFISCH TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................ 42

4.3.2 MATERIEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ...................................................................................... 42

2

, 4.3.3 PERSONEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 43

4.3.4 TEMPOREEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 45

4.4 INSOLVENTIE-VO ...................................................................................................................... 45

4.4.1 GEOGRAFISCH TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................ 45

4.4.2 MATERIEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ...................................................................................... 45

4.4.3 PERSONEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 46

4.4.4 TEMPOREEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 46

4.5 ONDERHOUD-VO ..................................................................................................................... 47

4.5.1 GEOGRAFISCH TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................ 47

4.5.2 MATERIEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ...................................................................................... 47

4.5.3 PERSONEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 48

4.5.4 TEMPOREEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 48

4.5 ERFRECHT-VO .......................................................................................................................... 48

4.6.1 GEOGRAFISCH TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................ 48

4.6.2 MATERIEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ...................................................................................... 48

4.6.3 PERSONEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 49

4.6.4 TEMPOREEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 49

4.7 HUWELIJKSVERMOGEN-VO....................................................................................................... 49

4.7.1 GEOGRAFISCH TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................ 49

4.7.2 MATERIEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ...................................................................................... 50

4.7.3 PERSONEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 50

4.7.4 TEMPOREEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 50

4.8 PARTNERSCHAPSVERMOGEN-VO ............................................................................................. 50

4.8.1 GEOGRAFISCH TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................ 51

4.8.2 MATERIEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ...................................................................................... 51

4.8.3 PERSONEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 51

4.8.4 TEMPOREEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 51

4.9 VERDRAG VAN LUGANO ........................................................................................................... 51

4.9.1 GEOGRAFISCH TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................ 52

4.9.2 TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ........................................................................................................ 52

3

,4.10 KINDERBESCHERMINGSVERDRAG .......................................................................................... 52

4.10.1 GEOGRAFISCH TOEPASSINGSGEBIED .............................................................................. 52

4.10.2 MATERIEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 52

4.10.3 PERSONEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................... 53

4.10.4 TEMPOREEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................... 54

4.11 VOLWASSENENBESCHERMINGSVERDRAG .............................................................................. 54

4.11.1 GEOGRAFISCH TOEPASSINGSGEBIED .............................................................................. 54

4.11.2 MATERIEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 54

4.11.3 PERSONEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................... 54

4.11.4 TEMPOREEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................... 54

4.12 FORUMBEDINGENVERDRAG ................................................................................................... 55

4.12.1 GEOGRAFISCH TOEPASSINGSGEBIED .............................................................................. 55

4.12.2 MATERIEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ..................................................................................... 55

4.12.3 PERSONEEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................... 55

4.12.4 TEMPOREEL TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ................................................................................... 56

4.13 ONDERHOUDSVERDRAG VERDRAG RECHTELIJKE BESLISSINGEN ............................................ 56

4.14 WIPR ...................................................................................................................................... 56

4.15 CASUSSEN → GEEF DE TOEPASSELIJKE BRON ......................................................................... 56

4.16 DE BEVOEGDHEIDSLADDER .................................................................................................... 57

4.16.1 HOE WERKEN DE REGELS VAN INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID? ..................................... 57

4.16.2 BEVOEGDHEIDSLADDER .................................................................................................. 57

4.17 BRUSSEL IBIS ......................................................................................................................... 58

4.17.1 EXCLUSIEVE BEVOEGDHEDEN.......................................................................................... 58

4.17.2 VRIJWILLIGE VERSCHIJNING VW ....................................................................................... 60

4.17.3 BESCHERMENDE BEVOEGDHEID ...................................................................................... 61

4.17.4 FORUMBEDING ................................................................................................................ 61

4.17.5 ALGEMENE EN BIJZONDERE BEVOEGDHEIDSGRONDEN.................................................... 62

4.17.6 NOG EEN ROL VOOR WIPR? .............................................................................................. 62

4.18 ONDERHOUD-VO ................................................................................................................... 63

4.18.1 VRIJWILLIGE VERSCHIJNING VERWEERDER → STILZWIJGENDE AANVAARDING .................. 63

4

, 4.18.2 FORUMBEDING ................................................................................................................ 63

4.18.3 ALGEMENE BEVOEGDHEIDSGRONDEN ............................................................................. 63

4.18.4 SUBSIDIAIRE BEVOEGDHEID............................................................................................. 64

4.18.5 FORUM NECESSITATIS ...................................................................................................... 64

5. TOEPASSELIJK RECHT .................................................................................................................... 65

5.1 THEORETISCH KADER ............................................................................................................... 65

5.1.1 WAT? ................................................................................................................................. 65

5.1.2 CONFLICTENRECHTELIJKE METHODE ................................................................................. 65

5.1.3 KWALIFICATIE ............................................................................................................... 66

5.1.4 VERWIJZINGSCATEGORIE ................................................................................................... 68

5.1.5 VERWIJZINGSREGEL EN AANKNOPINGSFACTOR ................................................................. 68

5.1.6 ENKELE BASISBEGRIPPEN .................................................................................................. 69

5.1.7 SOORTEN VERWIJZINGSREGELS ......................................................................................... 69

5.1.8 VOORBEELDEN .................................................................................................................. 70

5.1.9 ENKELE COMPLICATIES ...................................................................................................... 71

5.1.10 RENVOI OF HERVERWIJZING ............................................................................................. 72

5.1.11 AMBTSHALVE TOEPASSING VERWIJZINGSREGEL - BUITENLANDS RECHT ........................... 72

5.1.12 TOEPASSING BUITENLANDS RECHT .................................................................................. 73

5.1.13 AFWIJKEN VAN HET NORMAAL TOEPASSELIJK BUITENLANDSE RECHT ................................ 73

5.1.14 WAAR VINDEN WE DE VERWIJZINGSREGELS? .................................................................... 79

5.1.23 TOEPASSINGSGEBIED VERORDENINGEN .......................................................................... 80

5.2 ROME I ..................................................................................................................................... 80

5.2.1 TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ........................................................................................................ 80

5.3 ROME II .................................................................................................................................... 81

5.3.1 TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ........................................................................................................ 81

5.4 ROME III ................................................................................................................................... 82

5.4.1 TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ........................................................................................................ 82

5.4 INSOLVENTIE-VO ...................................................................................................................... 83

5.4.1 LINK MET INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID ........................................................................ 83

5.5 ONDERHOUD-VO ..................................................................................................................... 83

5

, 5.5.1 ALIMENTATIEVERORDENING/ONDERHOUD-VO .................................................................. 83

5.5.2 ONDERHOUD-VO VERWIJST NAAR VERDRAG ...................................................................... 83

5.6 ERFRECHT-VO, HUWELIJKSVERMOGEN-VO, PARTNERVERMOGEN-VO ....................................... 84

5.6.1 TOEPASSINGSGEBIED ........................................................................................................ 84

5.7 VERDRAGEN ............................................................................................................................. 84

5.7.1 IPR VERDRAGEN ................................................................................................................. 84

5.7.2 ANDERE VERDRAGEN ......................................................................................................... 84

6. ERKENNING & UITVOERBAARHEID .................................................................................................. 85

6.1 INLEIDING ................................................................................................................................ 85

6.1.1 WAT?............................................................................................................................ 85

6.1.2 OVERZICHT ........................................................................................................................ 85

6.2 ONDERSCHEID BESLISSINGEN & AKTEN → KWALIFICATIE ......................................................... 86

6.3 GRADATIES VAN DOORWERKING .............................................................................................. 86

6.3.1 FEITELIJK GEVOLG .............................................................................................................. 86

6.3.2 BEWIJSKRACHT .................................................................................................................. 87

6.3.3 ERKENNING ....................................................................................................................... 90

6.3.4 UITVOERBAARHEID ............................................................................................................ 92

6.4 WAAR VINDEN WE DE REGELS INZAKE ERKENNING EN UITVOERBAARHEID? .............................. 94

6.4.1 EUROPEES ......................................................................................................................... 94

6.4.2 INTERNATIONALE VERDRAGEN ........................................................................................... 95

6.4.3 WELKE BRON GEBRUIKEN?................................................................................................. 95

6.5 BXL I BIS ................................................................................................................................... 96

6.5.1 WEIGERINGSGRONDEN ..................................................................................................... 97

6.5.2 STAPPEN BIJ GRENSOVERSCHRIJDENDE TENUITVOERLEGGING .......................................... 99

6.5.3 OVERGANGSREGELING ...................................................................................................... 99

6.6 BXL II TER ............................................................................................................................... 100

6.6.1 ERKENNING BESLISSINGEN .............................................................................................. 100

6.6.2 UITVOERBAARHEID BESLISSINGEN ................................................................................... 101

6.6.3 AUTHENTIEKE AKTEN EN OVEREENKOMSTEN .................................................................... 101

6.6.4 OVERGANGSREGELING .................................................................................................... 102

6

, 6.7 ONDERHOUD-VO ................................................................................................................... 102

6.8 ERFRECHT VO, HUWELIJKSVERMOGEN VO & PARTNERVERMOGEN VO .................................... 103

6.8.1 TERM AANVAARDING ........................................................................................................ 103

6.8.2 UITVOERBAARHEID .......................................................................................................... 103

6.9 VERDRAGEN OVER ONDERHOUDSGELD ................................................................................. 103

6.10 KINDERBESCHERMINGSVERDRAG & VOLWASSENENBESCHERMINGSVERDRAG .................... 104

6.11 VERDRAG RECHTERLIJKE BESLISSINGEN ............................................................................... 104

6.12 WIPR .................................................................................................................................... 104

6.12.1 ERKENNING/UITVOERBAARHEID..................................................................................... 104

6.12.2 RECHTERLIJKE BESLISSINGEN ........................................................................................ 105

6.12.3 WEIGERINGSGRONDEN BESLISSINGEN .......................................................................... 105

6.12.4 AUTHENTIEKE AKTEN ...................................................................................................... 106

6.12.5 RECHTSGELDIGHEID BUITENLANDSE AKTE (EXAMEN !!!!) ............................................ 107

6.12.6 AKTEN ZIJN GEEN RECHTERLIJKE BESLISSINGEN! ........................................................ 109

6.12.7 OPENBARE ORDE ........................................................................................................... 109

6.12.8 WETSONTDUIKING ......................................................................................................... 109

6.12.9 ADMINISTRATIEVE ERKENNING ....................................................................................... 110

ALGEMEEN DEEL: OEFENINGEN ...................................................................................................... 111

OEFENING 1 ................................................................................................................................ 111

OEFENING 2 ................................................................................................................................ 111

OEFENING 3 ................................................................................................................................ 111

OEFENING 4 ................................................................................................................................ 111

OEFENING 5 ................................................................................................................................ 112

OEFENING 6 ................................................................................................................................ 112

OEFENING 7 ................................................................................................................................ 112

OEFENING 8 ................................................................................................................................ 112

OEFENING 9 ................................................................................................................................ 113

OEFENING 10............................................................................................................................... 113

OEFENING 11............................................................................................................................... 113

OEFENING 12............................................................................................................................... 113

7

, OEFENING 13............................................................................................................................... 114

OEFENING 14............................................................................................................................... 114

OEFENING 15............................................................................................................................... 114

OEFENING 16............................................................................................................................... 115

OEFENING 17............................................................................................................................... 115

OEFENING 18............................................................................................................................... 115

OEFENING 19............................................................................................................................... 116

OEFENING 20............................................................................................................................... 116

7. GASTCOLLEGE: GRENSOVERSCHRIJDENDE BETEKENING & BEWIJSVERKRIJGING ......................... 117

7.1 GRENS-OVERSCHRIJDENDE BETEKENING ............................................................................... 117

7.1.1 DE EU-BETEKENINGSVERORDENING ................................................................................ 118

7.1.2 HAAGS BETEKENINGSVERDRAG VAN 1965 ........................................................................ 129

7.1.3 ART. 40 GERECHTELIJK WETBOEK ..................................................................................... 130

7.2 GRENSOVERSCHRIJDENDE BEWIJSVERKRIJGING .................................................................... 131

7.2.1 EU-BEWIJSVERORDENING ................................................................................................ 131

7.2.2 INTERNATIONALE VERDRAGEN ......................................................................................... 135

7.2.3 INTERNATIONALE VERDRAGEN ......................................................................................... 135

8. BIJZONDER DEEL ......................................................................................................................... 137

8.1 STAAT & BEKWAAMHEID ......................................................................................................... 137

8.1.1 WAT? ............................................................................................................................... 137

8.1.2 BESCHERMDE PERSONEN IN INTERNATIONALE CONTEXT ................................................. 137

8.2 BESCHERMING VAN VOLWASSENEN....................................................................................... 137

8.2.1 VRAGEN UIT DE PRAKTIJK.................................................................................................. 137

8.2.2 VOLWASSENENBESCHERMINGSVERDRAG ....................................................................... 138

8.2.3 WELKE BESCHERMINGSMAATREGELEN? .......................................................................... 138

8.2.4 LUIK INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID ............................................................................. 139

8.2.5 LUIK TOEPASSELIJK RECHT ............................................................................................... 140

8.2.6 LUIK ERKENNING & UITVOERBAARHEID ............................................................................ 142

8.2.7 LUIK ADMINISTRATIEVE EN GERECHTELIJKE SAMENWERKING ........................................... 143

8.3 GESLACHT ............................................................................................................................. 144

8

, 8.3.1 VRAGEN UIT DE PRAKTIJK.................................................................................................. 144

8.3.2 AANPASSING WIPR NA WIJZIGING BELGISCH MATERIEEL RECHT ....................................... 144

8.3.3 LUIK INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID ............................................................................. 144

8.3.4 LUIK TOEPASSELIJK RECHT ............................................................................................... 145

8.3.5 LUIK ERKENNING ............................................................................................................. 146

8.4 HUWELIJK .............................................................................................................................. 147

8.4.1 VRAGEN UIT DE PRAKTIJK ............................................................................................ 147

8.4.2 HUWELIJK ........................................................................................................................ 147

8.5 NIET-HUWELIJKSE SAMENLEVINGSVORMEN ........................................................................... 156

8.5.1 HUWELIJK ≠ RELATIE VAN SAMENLEVEN ........................................................................... 156

8.5.2 NIEUWE REGELING .......................................................................................................... 156

8.6 ECHTSCHEIDING .................................................................................................................... 158

8.6.1 ECHTSCHEIDING VERSTOTING ......................................................................................... 158

8.6.2 INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID ..................................................................................... 158

8.6.3 TOEPASSELIJK RECHT ................................................................................................. 163

8.6.4 ERKENNING ..................................................................................................................... 166

8.7 AFSTAMMING ......................................................................................................................... 168

8.7.1 ENKELE CONCRETE VRAGEN UIT DE PRAKTIJK ................................................................... 168

8.7.2 INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID ..................................................................................... 169

8.7.3 TOEPASSELIJK RECHT ................................................................................................. 170

8.7.4 ERKENNING ..................................................................................................................... 173

8.8 DRAAGMOEDERSCHAP........................................................................................................... 173

8.8.1 ERKENNING BUITENLANDS DRAAGMOEDERSCHAP .......................................................... 174

8.8.2 DRAAGMOEDERSCHAP: CONFLICTENRECHTELIJKE CONTROLE ........................................ 174

8.8.3 DRAAGMOEDERSCHAP: WETSONTDUIKING ...................................................................... 175

8.8.4 DRAAGMOEDERSCHAP: RECHTSPRAAK EHRM .................................................................. 176

8.9 OUDERLIJKE VERANTWOORDELIJKHEID .................................................................................. 176

8.9.1 STAAT EN BEKWAAMHEID: KORTE TERUGKOPPELING ........................................................ 176

8.9.2 OUDERLIJKE VERANTWOORDELIJKHEID ............................................................................ 178

8.9.3 INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID ..................................................................................... 178

9

, 8.9.4 TOEPASSELIJK RECHT: KINDERBESCHERMINGSVERDRAG ................................................. 180

8.9.5 ERKENNING EN TENUITVOERLEGGING: VERSCHILLENDE REGIMES ................................... 181

8.10 ONDERHOUDSVERPLICHTINGEN (ALIMENTATIE) ................................................................... 182

8.10.1 INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID ................................................................................... 182

8.10.2 TOEPASSELIJK RECHT ..................................................................................................... 186

8.10.3 ERKENNING EN UITVOERBAARHEID ................................................................................ 190

8.10.4 ADMINISTRATIEVE/GERECHTELIJKE SAMENWERKING ...................................................... 192

8.11 RELATIEVERMOGEN: HUWELIJKSVERMOGEN & PARTNERSCHAPSVERMOGEN ....................... 193

8.11.1 BRONNEN ...................................................................................................................... 193

8.11.2 INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID ................................................................................... 193

8.11.3 TOEPASSELIJK RECHT HUWELIJKSVERMOGEN ................................................................ 198

8.11.4 TOEPASSELIJK RECHT PARTNERSCHAPSVERMOGEN ....................................................... 206

8.11.5 ERKENNING & UITVOERBAARHEID .................................................................................. 208

8.11.6 VOORBEELD EXAMENVRAAG .......................................................................................... 209

8.12 ERFOPVOLGING ................................................................................................................... 213

8.12.1 INLEIDING ...................................................................................................................... 213

8.12.2 HUIDIGE REGELS (ERFRECHTVERORDENING) ................................................................. 214

8.12.3 INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID ................................................................................... 215

8.12.4 TOEPASSELIJK RECHT ..................................................................................................... 219

8.12.5 ERKENNING EN TENUITVOERLEGGING ........................................................................... 222

8.12.6 EUROPESE ERFRECHTVERKLARING ................................................................................ 223

8.13 CONTRACTUELE VERBINTENISSEN: ALGEMEEN ..................................................................... 225

8.13.1 ALGEMEEN ..................................................................................................................... 225

8.13.2 INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID ................................................................................... 225

8.13.3 TOEPASSELIJK RECHT ..................................................................................................... 231

18.3.4 ERKENNING & TENUITVOERLEGGING .............................................................................. 241

8.14 CONTRACTUELE VERBINTENISSEN: ZWAKKERE PARTIJEN ...................................................... 242

8.14.1 INTERNATIONALE BEVOEGDHEID ................................................................................... 242

8.14.2 TOEPASSELIJK RECHT ..................................................................................................... 243

8.14.3 CONSUMENTENOVEREENKOMSTEN ............................................................................... 243

10

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