1. A patient in respiratory distress and is breathing 33 breaths per
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh minute. Which ABG value is consistent with the clinical scenario?
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
PCO2 15 hjh
pH 7.30 hjh
pH 7.45 hjh
O2 sat 100%: A patient who is breathing 33 breaths per minute is
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh hyperventilating and blowing off CO2; therefore the PCO2 level will be low. The
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
patient will most likely experience a respiratory alkalosis and the two pH values
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
provided are not consistent with this diagnosis.
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
2. A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is disoriented and
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh lethargic. Which pathological process best explains this patient's
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh symptoms?
a. The action potential has become hyperpolarized.
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
b. Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to swell.
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
c. Water has shifted into the vascular space and dehydrated the neurons.
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
d. The action potential has become hypopolarized.: b. The cause of
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hh
j hjh hjh
hjh neurologic symptoms associated with a sodium imbalance is directly related
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh to fluid shifting into or out of the neurons of the brain. With a serum
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hh
j hjh hjh
hjh sodium of 115 mEq/L, water shifts into the neurons and causes them to
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
1 hjh/
48
, NURS 5315 Final hjh hjh
hjh swell. Hypernatremia causes water to shift out of the cell into the
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh intravascular space and causes the neurons to become dehydrated. An
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hh
j
alteration in the action potential is not seen with sodium imbalances.
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
3. A patient experiencing dehydration should be monitored for which
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh elec- trolyte imbalance?
hjh hjh
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatermia: a. Serum osmolality is increased during times of dehydration. An
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh elevated serum osmolality will pull potassium into the intravascular space
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh from the intracellular space and cause a rise in serum potassium.
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
4. A married couple presents to your office for genetic counseling. The
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh hus- band has an autosomal recessive disease and his wife has a
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh heterozygous genotype for the disease. They ask you, What is the chance
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh that our baby will have the disease? Which of the following answers is
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh correct?
25%
50%
75%
2 hjh/
48
, NURS 5315 Final
hjh hjh
100%: A chromosome is a package of material located inside the cell nucleus
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh which is made of proteins and a single molecule of DNA. There are 23 pairs
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hh
j hjh hjh hjh
hjh of chromosomes in each human cell for a total of 46 chromosomes.
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh Chromosomes are separated into two identical sets during mitosis or meiosis.
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
This provides a set
hh
j hjh hjh hjh
3 hjh/
48
, NURS 5315 Final hjh hjh
of chromosomes to each daughter cell which results from cell division. This
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hj
hjh process is responsible for the transfer of genetic information to the daughter
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh cells. The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are known as autosomes. The 23rd pair
hh
j hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hh
j hjh hjh
hjh of chromosomes is the pair which contains the genetic information for
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh gender. This pair contains
hjh hjh hjh
the genetic information which delineates between the male and female
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh genders. Females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have an XY
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh chromosome pair. Autosomal chromosomes are said to be autologous. This
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh means they do not carry genetic information pertaining to gender. Autosomal
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh genetic diseases are carried on the first 22 pairs of chromosomes. Sex-linked
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh diseases are only carried on hjh hjh hjh hjh
the 23rd pair of chromosomes. The autosomal chromosomes are nearly
hjh hjh hjh hjh hh
j hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh identical to one another and are considered homologous to one another. Each
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh autosomal chromosome in a pair carries identical genes.These two genes are
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh h
j hjh hjh hjh
hjh known as alleles. The alleles occupy the same site on each partner of the
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh chromosome pair and code for the same genetic trait or physiologic function.
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh Alleles can be dominant or recessive. One allele may be dominant and the other
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hh
j hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh recessive, or they both may be dominant or both recessive. The dominant alleles'
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh
hjh genetic code will always manifest in the individual's phenotype. The information
hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hjh hh
j hjh
4 hjh/
48
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Prose1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
