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Theoretische criminologie en victimologie samenvatting 2024
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Samenvatting van 153 pagina's voor het vak Theoretische Criminologie en victimologie aan de VUB (Les 1-11)
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Theoretische Criminologie en Victimologie.........................................................................7Introductie....................................................................................................................... 7
Les 1:............................................................................................................................... 7
Module 1: denken als een criminoloog.........................................................................7
1. Denken over criminaliteit/bestraffing is niet gelijk aan criminologie.........................7
1.1 Criminologie als wetenschap:..............................................................................7
1.2 Klassieke visie op wetenschap:...........................................................................8
1.3 Kenmerken van wetenschappelijk handelen:.......................................................9
1.4 De ethische/deontologische regels van de wetenschappen.................................9
1.5 Wetenschappelijke diversiteit en pluraliteit.......................................................10
1.6 Hoe werd criminologie een wetenschap?...........................................................11
1.8 Criminologie een geïnstitutionaliseerde wetenschappelijke discipline in België?
................................................................................................................................ 11
1.9 De criminologische verbeelding.........................................................................11
Les 2:............................................................................................................................. 16
Module 2: het criminologisch onderzoeksvraagstuk...................................................16
2. het criminologische onderzoeksobject....................................................................16
2.1 Criminologische discipline en haar onderzoeksobject?......................................16
2.1.1 Criminologie en Oorlogsgeweld?.................................................................17
2.1.2 Criminologie en klimaat...............................................................................18
2.1.3 Criminologie en industriële rampen.............................................................18
2.1.4 criminologie en slavenhandel......................................................................19
2.1.5 criminologie en pharmaindustrie.................................................................19
2.1.6 Criminologie en grensoverschrijdend gedrag..............................................20
2.2 Criminologische discipline en haar onderzoeksobject........................................20
2.3 Wat is criminaliteit?........................................................................................... 22
2.4 Probleem van consensus-positie van criminologisch denken én van de
discipline:................................................................................................................ 23
2.5 Algemene problemen van de criminologie als (sociale) wetenschap.................23
Les 3.............................................................................................................................. 23
1
, Module 3: ontwikkeling van het criminologisch denken 19 de eeuw.............................23
3. Ontwikkeling van het criminologisch denken..........................................................24
3.1 Criminologische discipline en haar onderzoeksobject........................................24
3.2 Criminologische benadering onderzoeksobject? Welke vragen (kunnen we)
stellen we?.............................................................................................................. 24
3.3 Ontwikkeling van criminologisch denken..........................................................25
3.4 Drie centrale kenmerken van de discipline – criminologisch denken.................25
3.5 Belang van kritisch criminologisch denken........................................................26
3.6 Criminologisch denken......................................................................................26
3.6.1 Klassiek denken – 18e eeuw.........................................................................26
3.6.2 Positivisme – 19e eeuw................................................................................27
3.6.2.1 Sociologisch positivisme........................................................................28
3.6.2.2 Biologisch individueel positivisme.........................................................28
3.7 Positie criminologisch denken overzicht, tot nu toe...........................................30
Les 4.............................................................................................................................. 32
Module 4: de ontwikkeling van het sociologisch criminologisch denken 19 de- 20ste
eeuw........................................................................................................................... 32
4. Sociologisch positivisme – begin 20e eeuw (Amerikaanse wending).......................32
4.1 Ecologisch criminologisch denken.....................................................................35
Les 5.............................................................................................................................. 40
4.2 Probleem met “chicago school” denken............................................................41
4.3 Anomie en spanning als basis voor criminaliteit................................................42
4.4 Merton’s perspectief = Typologie van aanpassingsstrategieën.........................45
4.4.1 Typologie van Aanpassingsstrategieën:......................................................46
4.4.2 Consensus: Structuurgericht denken........................................................47
4.4.3 Problemen?................................................................................................. 47
4.4.4 Subcultuur onderzoek: Gangs, jongeren en deviantie.................................48
4.4.5 Differentiëel opportuniteitsdenken <-> synthese poging............................48
4.4.6 De 3 soorten subculturen (link met strain!).................................................48
4.4.7 Controle als basis voor niet delinquent gedrag...........................................49
4.4.8 Gresham Sykes & David Matza (jaren ’50-’60)............................................49
2
, 4.4.9 Sociale binding? Opgebouwd doorheen socialisatie....................................51
4.4.10 “Vergeten” criminologische denkers.........................................................51
Les 6.............................................................................................................................. 52
Module 5: De radicale “wending” in het criminologische denken...............................52
5. De radicale “wending” in het criminologische denken............................................52
5.1 Lijn 3: (symbolisch) interactionisme..................................................................53
5.2 W. I. Thomas (1863-1947).................................................................................53
5.3 George Herbert Mead........................................................................................54
5.4 Herbert Blumer (1900-1987).............................................................................55
5.5 Het symbolisch interactionisme in 3 stappen....................................................56
5.6 Symbolisch interactionisme, wat is dat nu?.......................................................56
5.7 Maatschappelijke context, Jaren 1960...............................................................59
5.8 Tannenbaum – Labelling proces........................................................................60
5.9 Labelling denken............................................................................................... 60
5.9 Citaat Becker (1963)......................................................................................... 61
5.10 Twee centrale begrippen (Becker) die labelling proces belichamen................62
5.11 Cohen – Moral panic........................................................................................62
5.12 Bijdragen labelling perspectief?.......................................................................63
5.13 Kritiek op labelling denken..............................................................................63
5.14 Blijvende relevante basis ideeën.....................................................................64
5.15 Conflict denken................................................................................................ 64
5.16 Kapitalisme en het criminaliteitsvraagstuk......................................................65
5.17 Belangrijk begrip: criminalisering....................................................................65
5.18 Spitzer (1975) – criminalisering.......................................................................66
5.19 Belang van begrip: Hegemonie.......................................................................66
Les 7.............................................................................................................................. 67
5.20 De New criminology en de kritische criminologie............................................67
5.20.1 Conflict criminologisch denken..................................................................67
5.20.2 New criminology........................................................................................69
5.20.3 Kritisch criminologisch denken..................................................................71
3
, 5.20.4 Kritische criminologie (herdefiniëring in jaren ’90)....................................72
5.21 Reacties op Radicale school............................................................................73
5.21.1 Maatschappelijke context..........................................................................75
5.21.2 Rechts realisme......................................................................................... 76
5.21.3 Neo-conservatief criminologisch denken...................................................77
5.21.4 Actuarialisme............................................................................................ 78
5.21.5 Administratieve criminologie.....................................................................79
5.21.6 Links realisme........................................................................................... 81
5.22 Culturele Criminologie.....................................................................................85
5.22.1 Bronnen van de Culturele Criminologie:....................................................85
5.22.2 Culturele criminologie?..............................................................................86
5.22.3 Culturele criminologisch denken...............................................................87
5.22.4 Culturele criminologisch perspectief.........................................................88
5.22.5 Belang van begrip: Hegemonie.................................................................91
Les 8.............................................................................................................................. 93
Module 6: Het slachtoffer criminologisch denken.......................................................93
6. Het slachtoffer criminologisch denken....................................................................95
6.1 Slacht-offer? (Spalek, 2006)..............................................................................96
6.1.1 1985 UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and
Abuse of Power..................................................................................................... 97
6.2 (Problematisch) begrip “slachtoffer” (neutraal?)...............................................98
6.2.1 Nils Christie (1986)....................................................................................100
6.3 Victimologisch denken.....................................................................................102
Quote:................................................................................................................ 103
6.3 Individuele, maatschappelijke en politieke strijd “over het slachtoffer”..........104
6.4 Criminologisch denken over het slachtoffer(s) en slachtofferschap.................105
6.4.1 (1) Positivistische victimologie:.................................................................105
Quote:............................................................................................................. 107
6.4.2 (2) Radicale victimologie...........................................................................108
6.4.3 (3) Kritische victimologie...........................................................................109
4
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