VOLLEDIGE, gestructureerde samenvatting van het vak Private Veiligheid aan de VUB ('24-'25) door Prof. Pieter Leloup. + gastcolleges
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SAMENVATTING
PRIVATE STUDIES
’23-‘24
Prof. Pieter Leloup
Rayna Denooze
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,Inhoudsopgave
1. Inleiding.................................................................................................... 4
1.1. Begrip private veiligheid – wie, wat, waar, wanneer, hoe, hoeveel...........................4
1.2. Private veiligheid en de burger.................................................................................4
1.3. Het veiligheidslandschap in België...........................................................................5
1.4. Het Belgisch veiligheidslandschap............................................................................5
1.5. Pluralisering van de politiefunctie............................................................................7
2. Zelfstudie - artikel: The framing of private security and its regulation in
Belgium......................................................................................................... 8
DE TEKST......................................................................................................................... 8
3. Conceptualisering.....................................................................................13
3.1. Definities en eigenschappen..................................................................................13
3.2. Historische achtergrond – Middeleeuwen en Vroefmoderne tijd: private en ‘semi-
publieke’ partijen.......................................................................................................... 14
3.3. Historische achtergrond – 19e-vroeg 20e eeuw: burgerwacht..................................16
3.4. Historische achtergrond – 20e eeuw.......................................................................18
3.5. Ontwikkeling moderne politie.................................................................................18
3.6. Functies private veiligheidssector..........................................................................18
3.7. Differentiatie/variatie binnen private veiligheidssector..........................................20
4. Gastcollege Amandine Vanscheeuwijck - Tensensen tot privatisering in de
strafuitvoering............................................................................................. 21
4.1. Probleemstelling..................................................................................................... 21
4.1.1. Conceptuele onduidelijkheid.............................................................................21
4.1.2. Aanleidingen privatisering in de strafuitvoering...............................................24
4.1.3. Drijfveren tot privatisering................................................................................26
4.1.4. De voordelen.................................................................................................... 28
4.1.5. Drijfveren tegen privatisering...........................................................................29
4.1.6. De nadelen....................................................................................................... 30
4.2. Conclusie................................................................................................................ 31
5. Huurlingen en private militaire ondernemingen.........................................32
5.1. The criminology of war........................................................................................... 32
5.1.1. Criminologische interesse................................................................................32
5.1.2. The criminology of war – Regulier leger............................................................32
5.2. Huurlingen.............................................................................................................. 33
5.2.1. Statelijke huurlingen (hedendaagse voorbeelden)............................................33
5.2.2. Criminele huurlingen........................................................................................34
5.3. Private militaire ondernemingen............................................................................36
5.3.1. Achtergrond en verklaringen............................................................................36
6. Gastcollege – Legitimiteit en coöperatief gedrag binnen de private
veiligheidszorg............................................................................................. 42
6.1. Inleiding.................................................................................................................. 42
6.1.1. Private veiligheidszorg......................................................................................42
6.1.2. Functies van private veiligheidszorg.................................................................42
6.1.3. Activiteitsdomeinen binnen de private veiligheidszorg.....................................42
6.2. Legitimiteit en coöperatief gedrag – theorieën betreffende vormgeving en
instandhouding.............................................................................................................. 43
6.2.1. Procedural justice theory (PJT)..........................................................................43
6.2.2. Theory of planned behaviour (TPB)...................................................................47
6.3. Publieke perceptiestudies: state of the art – evoluties en inzichten (literatuur).....49
6.3.1. Onderzoek van Prof. Dr. Nalla K. Manesh..........................................................49
6.3.2. Onderzoek van Dr. Elsa Saarikkomäki..............................................................50
6.4. Verband legitimiteit en coÖPERATIEF GEDRAG – INNOVATIEF ONDERZOEK IN
bELGIË........................................................................................................................... 51
7. Politiecultuur in de pirvate sector & verklaringen private veiligheid...........52
7.1. Cultuur en private veiligheid..................................................................................52
7.1.1. Algemeen......................................................................................................... 52
7.2. Politiecultuur.......................................................................................................... 52
7.2.1. Algemeen......................................................................................................... 52
7.3. Een ‘private’ politiecultuur.....................................................................................53
7.3.1. Modeltypes (sub)culturen – onderzoeken.........................................................53
7.3.2. Vergelijking met politiecultuur..........................................................................55
7.4. Verklaringen private veiligheid (moeilijk stukje).....................................................57
7.4.1. Inleiding............................................................................................................ 57
7.5. De opmars van private veiligheid...........................................................................58
7.5.1. Rol en macht van de overheid..........................................................................58
7.5.2. Verklaringen..................................................................................................... 59
8. Gastcollege Jonas Maas – Private opsporing...............................................62
8.1. PRIVATE OPSPORING BINNEN DE PRIVATE VEILIGHEIDSSTUDIES...........................62
8.2. Jurdisch kader......................................................................................................... 62
8.3. Achtergrond en doel...............................................................................................63
8.4. Evolutie na 1991.................................................................................................... 64
8.5. wETTELIJKE OMSCHRIJVING PRIVAAT ONDERZOEKER – wet van 8 mei 2024..........64
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, 8.6. Achtergrond van de wet van 8 mei 2024................................................................65
8.6.1. DE krachtlijnen................................................................................................. 65
8.7. Belangrijke veranderingen.....................................................................................66
8.8. Wetenschappelijke kennis (of het gebrek aan...)....................................................67
8.8.1. Kennistekort..................................................................................................... 67
8.9. Private opsporingssector anno 2024: een gediversifieerde en gemoderniseerde
sector............................................................................................................................ 67
8.9.1. Vergund v.s. niet-vergund................................................................................68
9. Evolutie beleid en wetgeving private veiligheid.........................................69
9.1. De ontwikkeling van de bewakingssector (1907 – 1990)........................................69
9.1.1. Fasen in de historische ontwikkling..................................................................69
9.2. Wet van 10 april 1990 op de bewakingsondernemingen,
beveiligingsondernemingen en interne bewakingsdiensten..........................................70
9.2.1. Doelstelling....................................................................................................... 70
9.3. Evolutie beleid en wetgeving..................................................................................71
9.3.1. 1907-1919........................................................................................................ 71
9.3.2. 1919-1945........................................................................................................ 72
9.3.3. 1919-1968........................................................................................................ 73
9.3.4. 1968-1979........................................................................................................ 74
9.3.5. 1979-1990........................................................................................................ 75
9.3.6. 1990-2017........................................................................................................ 76
11. Internationaal perspectief op private veiligheid.......................................89
11.1. Voorbeelden pluralisering.....................................................................................89
11.2. Omvang en wetgeving.......................................................................................... 89
11.3. Globale cijfers....................................................................................................... 91
11.4. Omvang en beroepsfederaties.............................................................................92
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