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2024 Newest |Chemistry exam 1| UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|GET IT 100% ACCURATE

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©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2024 Newest |Chemistry exam 1| UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|GET IT 100% ACCURATE Ionic compound properties - Answers- have a high melting and boiling point - they're solid at room temperatu...

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©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2024 Newest |Chemistry exam 1|2024-2025
UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE
FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS|GET IT 100% ACCURATE

Ionic compound properties - Answers✔- have a high melting and boiling point
- they're solid at room temperature
- are hard, but brittle, so they're not malleable or ductile
- don't conduct electricity in solid state
- are good conductors of electricity in liquid state or when dissolved in water
- they vary from very soluble to insoluble in water, they're not soluble in non-polar solvents (oil)
define ionic compounds - Answers✔made by the chemical combination of metallic and non-
metallic elements
nanoscience - Answers✔the study of nanoparticles and nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is the
use of technologies that manipulate and investigate the properties of materials on the nanoscale.
the prefix nano refers to... - Answers✔refers to one billionth or 10-9 in scientific notations.
cation - Answers✔metal atoms lose electrons to non metallic atoms and become positively
charged metal ions
anions - Answers✔non metal atoms gain electrons from metal atoms and became negatively
charged non metal ions
what forces result from the attraction between positive and negative charges -
Answers✔electrostatic

, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
explain high melting points of ionic compounds - Answers✔they have high melting points
because a large amount of energy is needed to overcome the electrostatic attraction between the
oppositely charges ions and allow them to move. So, the ionic bonds between the + and - ions is
strong.
explain hardness and brittleness of ionic compounds - Answers✔a strong force is needed to
disrupt the crystal lattice, which means that it's very hard. Although a salt crystal is hard, a strong
force will shatter the crystal, meaning it's brittle. This is because layers of ions will move relative
to each other due to the force of blow. During this movement, ions of like charge shift so they
are next to each other. The repulsion between the similarly charged ions causes the crystal to
shatter
explain electrical conductivity of ionic compounds - Answers✔in solid form, ions are held in the
crystal lattice and are not free to move, therefore don't conduct electricity. When solids melt, the
ions become free to move, enabling the cations and anions in the molten compound to conduct
electricity. When they dissolve in water, ionic bonds in the lattice break and the ions are
separated and move freely. When an electric current is applied, + ions move towards the -
charged electrode and - ions move towards the + charged electrodes
properties of metals - Answers✔Exhibit a range of melting points and relatively high boiling
points
Are good conductors of electricity
Are good conductors of heat
Generally have high densities
Are malleable - they can be shaped by beating or rolling
Are ductile - they can be drawn into a wire
Are lustrous or reflective when freshly cut or polished
Are often hard with high tensile strength
Have low ionisation energies and electronegativities

However not all metals have all of these properties
Mercury is a liquid at room temperature (low melting point)
The group 1 elements (the alkali metals) are all soft enough to be cut with a knife and they react
vigorously with water to produce hydrogen gas.
Both mercury and group 1 elements exhibit most of the other properties listed above.
properties of transition metals - Answers✔Transition metals generally have unfilled d-subshells
and are often referred to as the d-block.

, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Their properties include
They tend to be harder
They have higher densities
They have higher melting points
Some of them have strong magnetic properties
The hardness, higher densities and higher melting points are due to the atoms of transition metals
generally being a smaller size due to their greater core charge. This allows them to pack together
more tightly with stronger bonds
what does each property say about the structure of metals
1. are hard and tend to have high boiling points
2. conduct electricity in solid and molten liquid state
3. are malleable and ductile
4. have high densities
5. good conductors of heat
6. are lustrous or reflective
7. react by losing electrons - Answers✔1. strong electrostatic forces of attraction between
positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons holds the metallic lattice together
2. free-moving delocalised electrons will move towards a positive electrode and away from a
negative electrode in an electric circuit
3. when a force causes metal ions to move past each other, layers of ions are still held together
by the delocalised electrons between them
4. the cations in a metal lattice are closely packed. The density of a metal depends on the mass of
the metal ions, their radius and the way in which they are packed in the lattice
5. When the delocalised electrons bump into each other and into the metal ions, they transfer
energy to their neighbour. Heating a metal gives the ions and electrons more energy and they
vibrate more rapidly. The electrons, being free to move, transmit this energy rapidly throughout
the lattice
6. The presence of free electrons in the lattice, metals reflect light of all wavelengths and appear
shiny
7.the delocalised electrons in metals may participate in reactions anywhere on the metal's
surface. The reactivity of a metal depends on how easily electrons can be removed from its atom

, ©THESTAR EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Why are metals hard and tend to have high boiling points - Answers✔strong electrostatic forces
of attraction between positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons holds the metallic
lattice together
why do metals conduct electricity in solid and molten states - Answers✔free-moving delocalised
electrons will move towards a positive electrode and away from a negative electrode in an
electric circuit
why are metals malleable and ductile - Answers✔when a force causes metal ions to move past
each other, layers of ions are still held together by the delocalised electrons between them
why do metals have high densities - Answers✔the cations in a metal lattice are closely packed.
The density of a metal depends on the mass of the metal ions, their radius and the way in which
they are packed in the lattice
why are metals good conductors of heat - Answers✔When the delocalised electrons bump into
each other and into the metal ions, they transfer energy to their neighbour. Heating a metal gives
the ions and electrons more energy and they vibrate more rapidly. The electrons, being free to
move, transmit this energy rapidly throughout the lattice
why are metals lustrous - Answers✔The presence of free electrons in the lattice, metals reflect
light of all wavelengths and appear shiny
why do metals tend to react by losing electrons - Answers✔the delocalised electrons in metals
may participate in reactions anywhere on the metal's surface. The reactivity of a metal depends
on how easily electrons can be removed from its atom
nanotchnology - Answers✔use of technologies that manipulates and investigate properties of
materials on the nanoscale
why are metals good conductors of heat - Answers✔When the delocalised electrons bump into
each other and into the metal ions, they transfer energy to their neighbour. Heating a metal gives
the ions and electrons more energy and they vibrate more rapidly. The electrons, being free to
move, transmit this energy rapidly throughout the lattice
nanomaterial definition - Answers✔a material with nanoscale definition
metric units of length from smallest to largest - Answers✔picometre, nanometre, micrometre,
millimetre, centimetre, metre, kilometre
forming nanomaterials - Answers✔- bottom-up method uses specifically designed molecules or
atoms in chemical reactions to gradually build up the new nano particles from the smaller atoms
or molecular units
- top-down method uses the larger bulk material as the starting material. The bulk material is
broken down into nano particles by mechanical or chemical means

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