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ACS BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.docx
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ACS BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.docx
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ACS BIOCHEMISTRY EXAM QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS
Henderson-HasselbachpoEquationpo-poans--pHpo=popKapo+pologpo([A-]po/po[HA])
FMOCpoChemicalpoSynthesispo-poans--
Usedpoinposynthesispoofpoapogrowingpoaminopoacidpochainpotopoapopolystyrenepobead.poF
MOCpoispousedpoaspoapoprotectingpogrouppoonpothepoN-terminus.
SaltingpoOutpo(Purification)po-poans--
Changesposolublepoproteinpotoposolidpoprecipitate.poProteinpoprecipitatespowhenpothepoch
argespoonpothepoproteinpomatchpothepochargespoinpotheposolution.
Size-ExclusionpoChromatographypo-poans--
Separatesposamplepobasedpoonposizepowithposmallerpomoleculespoelutingpolater.
Ion-ExchangepoChromatographypo-poans--
Separatesposamplepobasedpoonpocharge.poCMpoattractspo+,poDEAEpoattractspo-.poMaypoh
aveporepulsionpoeffectpoonpolikepocharges.poSaltpoorpoacidpousedpotoporemovepostuckpopro
teins.
Hydrophobic/ReversepoPhasepoChromatographypo-poans--
Beadspoarepocoatedpowithpoapocarbonpochain.poHydrophobicpoproteinspostickpobetter.poElu
tepowithponon-H-bondingposolventpo(acetonitrile).
AffinitypoChromatographypo-poans--
Attachpoapoligandpothatpobindspoapoproteinpotopoapobead.poElutepowithpoharshpochemicalsp
oorposimilarpoligand.
SDS-PAGEpo-poans--UsespoSDS.poGelpoispomadepofrompocross-
linkedpopolyacrylamide.poSeparatespobasedpooffpoofpomasspowithposmallerpomoleculespom
ovingpofaster.poVisualizedpowithpoCoomassiepoblue.
SDSpo-poans--
Sodiumpododecylposulfate.poUnfoldspoproteinspoandpogivespothempouniformponegativepoch
arge.
,IsoelectricpoFocusingpo-poans--
Variationpoofpogelpoelectrophoresispowherepoproteinpochargepomatters.poInvolvespoelectro
despoandpopHpogradient.poProteinpostopspoatpotheirpopIpowhenponeutral.
FDNBpo(1-fluoro-2,3-dinitrobenzene)po-poans--FDNBporeactspowithpothepoN-
terminuspoofpothepoproteinpotopoproducepoapo2,4-
dinitrophenolpoderivativepothatpolabelspothepofirstporesidue.poCanporepeatpohydrolysispotopo
determineposequentialpoaminopoacids.
DTTpo(dithiothreitol)po-poans--Reducespodisulfidepobonds.
Iodoacetatepo-poans--Addspocarboxymethylpogrouppoonpofreepo-
SHpogroups.poBlockspodisulfidepobonding.
Homologspo-poans--Sharespo25%poidentitypowithpoanotherpogene
Orthologspo-poans--Similarpogenespoinpodifferentpoorganisms
Paralogspo-poans--Similarpo"paired"pogenespoinpotheposamepoorganism
RamachandranpoPlotpo-poans--Showspofavorablepophi-
psipoanglepocombinations.po3pomainpo"wells"poforpoα-helices,poß-sheets,poandpoleft-
handedpoα-helices.
GlycinepoRamachandranpoPlotpo-poans--
Glycinepocanpoadoptpomorepoangles.po(H'spoforpoR-group).
ProlinepoRamachandranpoPlotpo-poans--
Prolinepoadoptspofewerpoangles.poAminopogrouppoispoincorporatedpointopoaporing.
α-helicespo-poans--Alapoispocommon,poGlypo&poPropoareponotpoverypocommon.poSide-
chainpointeractionspoeverypo3poorpo4poresidues.poTurnspooncepoeverypo3.6poresidues.poDis
tancepobetweenpobackbonespoispo5.4Å.
HelixpoDipolepo-poans--
Formedpofrompoaddedpodipolepomomentspoofpoallpohydrogenpobondspoinpoanpoα-helix.poN-
terminuspoispoδ+poandpoC-terminuspoispoδ-.
ß-sheetpo-poans--Eitherpoparallelpoorpoanti-
parallel.poOftenpotwistedpotopoincreasepostrength.
Anti-parallelpoß-sheetpo-poans--Alternatingposheetpodirectionspo(Cpo&poN-
terminipodon'tpoline-up).poHaspostraightpoH-bonds.
Parallelpoß-sheetpo-poans--Sameposheetpodirectionspo(Cpo&poN-
terminipolinepoup).poHaspoangledpoH-bonds.
, ß-turnspo-poans--Tightpou-turnspowithpospecificpophi-
psipoangles.poMustpohavepoglypoatpopositionpo3.poProlinepomaypoalsopobepoatpoß-
turnpobecausepoitpocanpohavepoapocis-omegapoangle.
Loopspo-poans--
Notpohighlypostructured.poNotponecessarypohighlypoflexible,pobutpocanpooccasionallypomov
e.poVerypovariablepoinposequence.
CircularpoDichroismpo-poans--
UsespoUVpolightpotopomeasurepo2°postructure.poCanpobepousedpotopomeasurepodestabiliza
tion.
Disulfide-bondspo-poans--Bondspobetweenpotwopo-
SHpogroupspothatpoformpobetweenpo2°poandpo3°postructure.
ß-mercaptoethanolpo-poans--Breakspodisulfidepobonds.
α-keratinpo-poans--formedpofrompo2poα-
helicespotwistedpoaroundpoeachpoother.po"Coiledpocoil".poCross-
linkedpobypodisulfidepobonds.
Collagenpo-poans--RepeatingposequencepoofpoGly-X-
Pro.po3postrandedpo"coiledpocoil".poContainspoglypocore.
Myoglobinpo4°poStructurepo-poans--Symmetricpohomodimer,
Hemoglobinpo4°poStructurepo-poans--Tetramer.poDimerpoofpodimers.poα2ß2potetramer.
α/ßpoProteinpoFoldingpo-poans--Lesspodistinctpoareaspoofpoαpoandpoßpofolding.
α+ßpoProteinpoFoldingpo-poans--Twopodistinctpoareaspoofpoαpoandpoßpofolding.
MechanismpoofpoDenaturantspo-poans--Highlyposoluble,poH-
bindingpomolecules.poStabilizepoproteinpobackbonepoinpowater.poAllowspodenaturedpostate
potopobepostabilized.
TemperaturepoDenaturationpoofpoProteinpo-poans--MidpointpoofporeactionpoispoTm.
CooperativepoProteinpoFoldingpo-poans--Foldingpotransitionpoisposharp.poMoreporeversible.
FoldingpoFunnelpo-poans--
Showspo3Dpoversionpoofpo2Dpoenergypostates.poLowestpoenergypoispostablepoprotein.poRo
ughpofunnelpoispolesspocooperative.
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