MICRO BIO FINAL Exams
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1. Bacterial Meningitis: Nervous System Infection:
-Streptococcus pneumoniae (GPC), Haemophilus influenzae (GNCB), Neisseria
meningitidis (GNC)
-Respiratory droplets/Droplet
-Headache/stiff neck, Skin rash, Bacterial infection much more
serious
-Lumbar puncture (Cell count, protein/glucose levels, bacterial c/s)
-Vaccine: All 3 have Conjugate vaccines
2. Viral Meningitis: Nervous System Infection:
-HSV (DNA), VZV (DNA), and enteroviruses (RNA)
-Respiratory droplets/Droplet
-Headache/stiff neck (Less severe)
-Lumbar puncture (Cell count, protein/glucose levels, NAAT)
3. Cryptococcosis: Nervous System Infection:
-Cryptococcus neoformans (Fungus-yeast)
-Inhalation of fungal spore/Standard precautions only
-Encapsulated yeast, causes respiratory symptoms/symptoms consistent with
meningitis
-Lumbar Puncture, Fungal culture/smear, Rapid tests: Agglutinationtest and ICA
4. Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM): Nervous System Infection:
-Naegleria fowleri (Protozoan-aomeba)
-Swimming in warm, stagnant water, Neti pot use/Standard precautions only
-Very rare form of amoebic meningitis
-Post mortem:(
5. Rabies: Nervous System Infection:
-Rabies virus (RNA)
-Zoonotic (animal bite/scratch)/Standard precautions only
-Slow-progressing neurological disease, No cure; 100% fatal once neurological
symptoms begin, Treatment= PEP
-NAAT testing for humans, Necropsy for animals
6. Botulism: Nervous System Infection:
-Clostridium botulinum (GPB)
-Ingestion of endospores or pre-formed endospore neurotoxin, also deep wounds
(anaerobic)/Standard precautions only
-Flaccid paralysis caused by botulinum neurotoxins
-Clinical presentation, Detection of toxin in patient's stool or serum or food sample
7. Tetanus: Nervous System Infection:
-Clostridium tentani (GPB)
-Entry of endospores into deep wound (anaerobic)/Standard precautions
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, MICRO BIO FINAL Exams
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-Spastic paralysis caused by tentanospasmin neurotoxin
-Clinical presentation
-Vaccine: Toxoid vaccine (Tdap or Dtap)
8. Genital Herpes (HSV): STI:
-Herpes Simplex Virus 2, sometimes 1 (DNA virus)
-Sexual contact (w/ or w/out lesions) and vertical/Standard precautions
-Vesicular rash and latent persistent infection
-NAAT or clinical presentation
9. Genital Warts (HPV): STI:
-Human Papilloma Virus (DNA)
-Sexual contact /Standard precautions
-Most common STI, latent persistent infection (can resolve spontaneously), increas-
es risk of certain cancers
-Pap smear, NAAT testing for HPV
10. Chlamydia: STI:
-Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) (GN obligate intracellular)
-Sexual contact, vertical transmission, and hand to eye/Standard Precautions
-Often asymptomatic, can lead to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and infertility
-NAAT (urine or genital swabs), Concurrent (CT/GC testing)
11. Gonorrhea: STI:
-Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GNDC) or (gonococcus-GC)
-Sexual contact, vertical transmission/Standard precautions
-Often asymptomatic, can lead to PID and infertility
-NAAT (urine or genital swabs), Concurrent (CT/GC testing)
12. Syphilis: STI:
-Treponema pallidum (TP) (GN spirochete)
-Sexual contact, vertical transmission/Standard precautions
-Stealth pathogen, 3 stages
-Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) test
13. Hepatitis B: Acute and Chronic Infections: STI:
-Hepatitis B virus (RNA)
-Sexual contact, blood borne, and vertical transmission/Standard precautions
-vaccine-preventable, can become chronic
-Serology tests (antibody andantigen detection), NAAT
14. Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Obstetrics: (T of TORCH)
-Toxoplasma gondii (Protozoan)
-Cat poop consumption (oocysts), undercooked meat, vertical transmission/Stan-
dard precautions
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