### Chapter 1: Genomes are Inside Cells
1. **Describe the cell theory**
Cell theory states that:
- Cells are the basic unit of life for all living organisms.
- All living things are composed of one or more cells.
- New cells arise only from existing cells through cell division.
2. **Define a cell**
A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. Cells
can be unicellular (single-celled organisms) or multicellular (organisms
composed of multiple cells working together).
3. **Identify the basic components of a cell**
Basic components include:
- **Plasma membrane**: outer boundary of the cell.
- **Cytoplasm**: fluid containing organelles.
- **Nucleus**: houses DNA in eukaryotic cells.
- **Organelles**: specialized structures (e.g., mitochondria, ribosomes).
4. **Explain the implications of the cell theory in understanding genomes**
The cell theory implies that all genetic material (genomes) is contained
within cells, which are derived from pre-existing cells. This understanding is
crucial for studying inheritance, cellular functions, and the role of genomes in
various biological processes.
5. **Describe how cells from different organisms are the same and
different**
, - **Similarities**: All cells share core components (plasma membrane,
cytoplasm, genetic material) and perform essential life functions.
- **Differences**: Variations exist in size, shape, and the presence of
specific organelles (e.g., chloroplasts in plant cells). Prokaryotic cells lack
membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells possess them.
### Chapter 2: What is a Genome?
1. **Explain what constitutes a genome and why genomes are important**
A genome is the complete set of genetic information (DNA) for an
organism, including all its genes. Genomes are important as they determine
the biological traits, functions, and evolutionary history of organisms.
2. **Explain how genomes are similar and different between different
species**
Genomes can show similarities in conserved sequences across species,
indicating common ancestry. Differences arise in genome size, structure, and
specific gene sequences, reflecting adaptations to distinct environments.
3. **Describe mechanisms that can influence and change genome
structure**
Mechanisms include mutations, genetic recombination during reproduction,
horizontal gene transfer, and environmental factors that can induce
epigenetic changes.
4. **Relate genomes to cells, the cell theory, and inheritance**
Genomes reside within cells, which are the basic units of life. The cell
theory emphasizes that all cells arise from pre-existing cells, emphasizing
the role of genomes in inheritance and the continuity of genetic information.
1. **Describe the cell theory**
Cell theory states that:
- Cells are the basic unit of life for all living organisms.
- All living things are composed of one or more cells.
- New cells arise only from existing cells through cell division.
2. **Define a cell**
A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. Cells
can be unicellular (single-celled organisms) or multicellular (organisms
composed of multiple cells working together).
3. **Identify the basic components of a cell**
Basic components include:
- **Plasma membrane**: outer boundary of the cell.
- **Cytoplasm**: fluid containing organelles.
- **Nucleus**: houses DNA in eukaryotic cells.
- **Organelles**: specialized structures (e.g., mitochondria, ribosomes).
4. **Explain the implications of the cell theory in understanding genomes**
The cell theory implies that all genetic material (genomes) is contained
within cells, which are derived from pre-existing cells. This understanding is
crucial for studying inheritance, cellular functions, and the role of genomes in
various biological processes.
5. **Describe how cells from different organisms are the same and
different**
, - **Similarities**: All cells share core components (plasma membrane,
cytoplasm, genetic material) and perform essential life functions.
- **Differences**: Variations exist in size, shape, and the presence of
specific organelles (e.g., chloroplasts in plant cells). Prokaryotic cells lack
membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells possess them.
### Chapter 2: What is a Genome?
1. **Explain what constitutes a genome and why genomes are important**
A genome is the complete set of genetic information (DNA) for an
organism, including all its genes. Genomes are important as they determine
the biological traits, functions, and evolutionary history of organisms.
2. **Explain how genomes are similar and different between different
species**
Genomes can show similarities in conserved sequences across species,
indicating common ancestry. Differences arise in genome size, structure, and
specific gene sequences, reflecting adaptations to distinct environments.
3. **Describe mechanisms that can influence and change genome
structure**
Mechanisms include mutations, genetic recombination during reproduction,
horizontal gene transfer, and environmental factors that can induce
epigenetic changes.
4. **Relate genomes to cells, the cell theory, and inheritance**
Genomes reside within cells, which are the basic units of life. The cell
theory emphasizes that all cells arise from pre-existing cells, emphasizing
the role of genomes in inheritance and the continuity of genetic information.
